【作者】 曹秀丽；

【导师】 薛雄志；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 海岸带凭借其特殊地理位置和丰富自然资源,使得人口密度剧增,开发活动增加。海岸路桥建设是其中一种常见工程活动,其在建设和营运过程中对生态系统造成的影响是显著的,在较短时间内完全依靠自然恢复是困难的。目前建设单位在做工程预算时忽略了这部分损失值,导致生态损害不能得到有效补偿,环保投资不足,社会成本增加,不利于海岸带地区的可持续发展。因此对海岸路桥工程造成的生态影响进行识别、价值评估、生态补偿和绿色预算研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本论文借鉴国内外路桥工程生态影响评价、生态补偿及一些国家在绿色预算改革等方面的研究成果,借助实地调查、相关导则和现有研究成果,对海岸路桥工程的生态影响评价和生态补偿做了较系统的研究。文中利用生态补偿原则和绿色预算的先进理念首次建立了海岸路桥工程的绿色预算模型,并将这一模型应用于厦门环东海域洪塘头至潘涂段道路工程中,还以厦门已有实例对海岸路桥工程绿色预算模型的构建必要性和现实可行性进行论证。在此研究基础上,本论文取得了如下成果:第一、本论文首次尝试将绿色预算理念和生态补偿原则同时应用到海岸路桥工程的生态影响等相关研究中,并构建了海岸路桥工程的绿色预算模型。在此绿色预算模型中,本文试图将海岸路桥工程带来的生态损失和费用纳入到现有工程总预算中,意欲使生态损失得到充分补偿,进而缓解工程对生态系统的伤害,减少环境和社会损失。这样一来,既可以引起政府或相关部门对此部分损失的重视,有利于他们开展相关管理和保护措施缓解此部分影响,也是对现有工程预算的前沿开拓性研究,目的是促进海岸带地区的可持续发展。第二、基于对现有文献、相关导则的了解和实践的认识,本文对海岸路桥工程的生态影响进行了较系统的研究,并按照相关原则构建了海岸路桥工程的生态影响指标体系。文中所构建的指标体系不仅包括了海岸路桥工程的陆域影响和海域影响,也涵纳了海岸路桥工程的共性生态影响和特性影响,充分体现了海岸路桥工程的特征和海岸带地区生态系统的特点。第三、本论文在海岸路桥工程生态影响评价的前提下,尝试借助市场价值法、更多还原

【Abstract】 Throughout history, the coastal regions of the globe have been major attractions. As a consequence, the world’s coastal regions are densely populated and environmentally valuable. Coastal areas can be characterized by a diversity of natural features, processes and are often subjected to extensive development and a wide range of activities. Coastal roads are just one of the commonly seen activities. The construction and operation of coastal roads, however, implies the loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitats. Additionally, a time delay often exists between the damage and the mitigation of that damage, thus further aggravating the ecological injury. However, the present budget excludes these ecological losses. As a result, the government and the public have to bear the subsequent increasing investment. Therefore, a more sustainable budget system, or a“green budget”model should be established. A“green budget”model can thoroughly account for ecological loss and can make environmental investment more rational, which is different from the traditional budget system. In such context, I carried about the studies entitled“A green budget model for coastal roads”and major endeavors, detailed results are as followed.First of all, I tried to apply both the green budget system and ecological compensation principles to the coastal roads, and then built a green budget model. In this model, the green budget better reflects the utilization value of construction on resource capacity, and provides the necessary compensation for the impacts and damages caused to the ecosystem. In so doing, the construction will not only benefit from internalizing problems of uneconomical externality that may be caused by the behavior of a construction unit, but will also improve on the construction status quo of“polluting first and mitigating afterwards”. Simultaneously, it further promotes the sustainable consumption of natural resources and ensures the protection of coastal zones.Secondly, references to current literature, relative guidelines and field studies, the ecological impacts caused by coastal roads were systematically analyzed and the ecological index was built. In the ecological index related to coastal roads, the terrestrial and marine impacts were not only identified, the common and particular ecological impacts were also explained. In this way, the ecological index well indicates the charaters of the coastal roads and the coastal zones.更多还原