【作者】 蒋波；

【导师】 杨培中；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 地铁在现代交通中占有举足轻重的地位。由于地铁空间相对狭窄,一旦发生火灾时,往往造成很大的经济损失和人员伤亡。2010年,世博会将在上海举办,届时参观人数将不低于7000万人次,会给上海地铁交通带来超负荷运转压力。为了保证世博会的顺利进行,必须针对地铁火灾突发事件进行应急响应研究。而实战演习和培训将牵扯到各有关部门,且由于突发事件通常和人体安全相关,因此很难通过真实人体及人群进行试验,同时真实火灾试验也不符合环保的要求,具有不可操作性。对于火灾这样的大尺度、多维空间问题,试验研究是比较困难的,费用也很高,而计算机模拟则具有安全、高效、成本低廉的特点,因此,建立一个虚拟的演习平台,面向特定人群进行虚拟演习和评估,对世博会的顺利进行具有重要意义。首先,本文通过对国内外火灾现状和应急响应的虚拟演习技术的研究,首次将火灾数值仿真技术、超级计算技术和虚拟现实技术应用到地铁火灾应急响应演习研究上。结合上海地铁一号线某站实际情况,应用FDS软件系统研究了发生火灾时地铁车站的站台层和站厅层的不同截面气流场和温度场的瞬态分布、可见度变化、烟气运动发展、气体质量分布、烟气和可见度分布。仿真结果显示在整个燃烧过程中火源区最高温度达245℃,火源区外乘客区最更多还原

【Abstract】 Subway plays an extremely important role in modern transportation system. However,due to its relative narrow space,economic loss and traffic injuries will be caused once subway fire accidents happened. Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo and will attract more than 70 million tourists from home and abroad,which would impose great influence on the subway operation system of this city. It is necessary to study the practices and countermeasures under subway fire emergency condition so as to guarantee this great event being smoothly held. But real practice and training among a herd of targeted people are often non environment-friendly and non operable,and it is expensive and difficult to conduct practice in terms of the cost and complexity. So it is not feasible to carry experiment research on subway fire accident which is often large scale and multiple dimensional. Being safe,efficient and cheap,computer simulation is a very effective alternative for subway fire accidents research. Consequently,it is of great importance to establish a virtual practice platform for subway fire emergency so as to make Shanghai更多还原