基于ARM和LINUX的嵌入式CCD相机采集系统研究

【作者】 赵凯生；

【导师】 刘爽；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将基于ARM微处理器和Linux操作系统的嵌入式技术应用于CCD相机采集系统的开发，解决了以往相机采集系统软硬件过于庞大和传输距离受限制的问题，同时使CCD相机采集系统具有智能化和网络化的特点，对于扩大CCD相机的应用范围和增加相机应用的灵活性具有积极的意义。本文的主要研究内容如下：研究了CCD相机的组成结构、工作原理和输出信号类型，研究了ARM微处理器的原理和选型原则，以及Linux操作系统的特点，提出了基于ARM+Linux的嵌入式技术设计采集系统的设计思想。采用核心板和接口板相结合的方式完成了相机采集系统硬件设计，包括ARM核心模块、通信模块、人机交互模块、逻辑转换模块和相机接口模块等。相机接口模块作为系统设计的难点采用了FPGA芯片EP1C6T144C8和S3C2410配合设计，数据采集通过S3C2410的单服务命令模式的DMA操作和FPGA内部设计的以异步FIFO为核心数据处理模块共同实现。完成相机采集系统软件设计，包括嵌入式Linux交叉开发环境的建立、引导加载程序Bootloader和嵌入式Linux内核的移植、文件系统的建立、Linux下相机接口模块驱动程序的设计、Qt／Embedded图形化开发环境的建立和基于Qt的图象采集应用程序设计和移植、嵌入式WEB服务器的建立。将相机采集系统、FPGA开发板和电子44所CCD研发中心自行研制的CCD相机相结合，对相机接口性能、接口驱动程序和系统整体性能进行了测试。测试结果显示相机接口工作稳定、可靠，采集速度可达4Mb／s以上，相机接口驱动程序工作正常，实现了Linux下对相机接口的控制。整体性能测试结果表明采集系统可以实现对CCD相机输出图象的采集，并且成功实现了本地显示和远程监控的相互结合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the ARM processor and embedded Linux operation system,embedded system technique is used to develope the CCD camera system,which breaks the restriction of distance, minimizes the system capacity andmakes the system intelligent and networking. The system has the activemeaning to expend the application field of CCD camera and enhance theflexibility. The dissertation mainly focused on the following research works:The structure, operating principle and output signals of CCD camera arepresented, and the principle and choosing principle of ARM processor and thecharacteristic of Linux operation system are presented. Base on those aninnovated method to design the sampling system is presented by the ARMprocessor and Linux operation system.The hardware of system is completed by the method of core card andinterface care. The hardware contains ARM core module, communicationmodule, human interface module, logic transition module, power module andcamera interface module. The camera interface module, which is the key pointof system, is designed by the FPGA IC EP1C6T144C8 and the ARM processorS3C2410. Data sampling is completed by the signal service demand modelDMA operation and the data processing module in FPGA, the asynchronousFIFO is the core of data processing module.The design and development of embedded software has been elaboratedin detail. Embedded software consisted of the building of Linuxcross-development environment, the transplant of bootloader and the Linuxkernel, the building of file system, the driver program of camera interface,building method of the Qt/Embedded environment, designing and transplatingthe application in the QT environment and the building of embedded WEBserver.Finally the testing of system is presented. The camera sampling system,the FPGA developing board and the CCD camera designed by the COERI arecombined to tesing the system. The testing contains the measurement of interface, the measurement of driver program of interface and themeasurement of whole system. The results of testing show the camerainterface works stabile and dependable, and the sampling rate is more than4Mb/s, and the interface driver works well, which realizes the control ofcamera interface in Linux. The results also show that the sampling system canrealize the image sampling of CCD camera and realize the combination oflocal display and long distance monitor.更多还原