石油钻杆接头超声波检测方法研究

【作者】 王科；

【导师】 滕永平；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 石油钻杆接头是石油开采中重要的专用部件之一。为保证在井下的安全使用,接头不允许有超过标准的缺陷存在。因此,对石油钻杆接头进行缺陷检测已成为其生产中不可缺少的环节。超声检测是应用于钻杆接头缺陷检测的主要方法之一。由于钻杆接头的形状复杂、规格较多;同时从使用安全性考虑,又必须对横向和纵向缺陷进行100%探伤,因此,对钻杆接头进行超声检测具有一定的难度。在实际生产中,大都采用手工探伤方式进行检测;而手工探伤存在生产效率低、探伤质量难以保证等问题。所以,本课题研发了适用于实际生产的钻杆接头超声自动检测系统,它对保证钻杆接头的安全使用具有重要意义。本论文主要分四部分讨论了对石油钻杆接头超声波检测方法的研究。第一部分首先阐述了超声波管材探伤的一般方法,然后结合石油钻杆接头的特殊性,逐步提出解决其探伤问题的特殊方法。第二部分首先介绍了超声波检测系统的组成和探伤数据的显示方式,并对数字图像处理的常用方法进行了简要的介绍;然后对实际探伤数据,根据本系统探伤的特点,提出了有效的图像处理和缺陷提取方法。第三部分简要介绍了本探伤系统的应用,对系统实现自动探伤的整体流程作了概括性说明。第四部分对装置的整体效果作了客观的评价,并对其未来的应用领域和改进措施进行了讨论。论文从实际的工程项目出发,逐一解决了接头检测存在的难点,最终实现了钻杆接头的自动、高效检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 The oil drill tube joint is one of the most important parts of oil exploitation, To assure being used safely under the well, It does not allow existing macroscopical flaws that exceed the standard. So It is indispensable in the produce tache to do the flaw detection . Using ultrasonic to do the detection is one of the main methods.Considering the particularity of their forms and the requirement of security, they customarily need a 100% detection and a full covering of the workpiece, so It is hard to detect. Practically in the real manufacture procedure, manual detection is being used with a low working efficiency and testing precision. In our research, we invent a new automatic system detecting the oil drill tube joins by ultrasonic, It has greatly improved the efficiency and has proved its effectiveness.This thesis is divided into four parts to discuss our research.Firstly, expatiating the generally method of tube detection by ultrasonic, and then according to the particularity of the oil drill tube joins, we give out different methods to solve the problems.Secondly, we intruduce the different parts of the system and the display modes of the data, then give a simple recommendation of the common methods of digital image processing. After that, we do the A scan and B scan with the data got from part one.Thirdly, from the user`s point of view, we make a introduction of the system and its whole flow.At the last part, The effect evaluation of the device is made. Also, the application field in the future and the improvement way of the device are estimated.Based on the applied project, problems of the oil drill tube joint detection are solved step by step. Finally, automatic and effective joint measurement method is realized.更多还原