【作者】 李欢；

【导师】 毛??；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 以公共交通为主体的城市交通发展模式是解决目前我国许多大中城市交通拥挤的有效途径。区间公交运行各项措施的有效实施要能够减少公交车在路段所受的干扰,提高其行驶车速,减少延误,从而有效地保证公交车的准时性,提高公交的服务水平,促进公共交通的发展,对缓解城市的交通压力和保证城市未来的可持续发展都具有重大意义。本论文结合北京市交通发展研究中心项目“北京市三里河路至西二环地区交通组织优化研究”、973项目子课题“典型大城市交通疏堵问题的综合实证研究”以及自然科学基金项目“我国城市道路环境下行人与非机动车对机动车行驶行为的作用及其效果评估”,对公交车区间运行技术的评价以及管理方法进行了研究。本文系统地研究了公交车区间运行效率的各种因素,通过分析这些影响因素对公交运行的影响程度提出不同道路条件下公交运行的优化措施,并以北京市道路公交运行组织优化为例对公交运行的组织优化的具体过程进行了讨论。主要包括以下几个方面:(1)对比国内外公交站和公交车道的设计及使用现状,总结了常见的公交站和公交车道的类型,总结了国外公交设施规划设计的实践经验,分析了我国公交站使用存在的一些问题。(2)通过分析公交车的微观运行机理,对影响公交车运行的可能因素进行了总结和归纳,据此,建立公交运行的因素评价模型。通过对模型结果的理论分析,得出了各种条件下各因素对于公交车运行的影响程度以及影响变化情况和量化指标,对于公交设施和公交优先措施的规划决策提供理论依据,具有现实意义。(3)总结了公交站规划设计的一般方法以及公交车道的管理措施,依据本文所建立的模型得到的结论,提出了公交区间运行的一些常用措施的实施条件和管理方法,并讨论了这些措施在我国的适用性。(4)通过实例对公交设施的设置方法和条件进行系统的研究。以北京市公交运行环境较为复杂的阜外地区为例,在分析现状道路交通条件以及公交运行组织存在的问题的基础上,提出公交运行组织优化的实际方案,并运用交通工程的一般计算方法和交通仿真两个手段,验证了该方案改善公交区间运行的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transit oriented development policy is an efficient measure for improving the urban traffic problems like traffic congestions in large cities in China. The measures for improving the public transit services must be aimed at reducing the disturbances, increasing the travel speed and cutting down the delays. Thereby, the implement of the measures can guarantee the public punctuality, improve the service and advance the public transit development. It has a great sense on relieving the urban traffic pressure and ensuring the urban traffic continual development. The dissertation combined with the project of“The regional traffic organization of the area from the San Lihe road to west second ring road in Beijing, China”and the 973 sub-project of“the urban congestion reasearch through the example studies”discussed the bus transit evaluation and management.The influencing factors of bus transit are summarized and some organization measures under different urban traffic and road conditions is put forward. Then, Beijing is taken as an example to present the practical procedures of bus transit organization. Four aspects is included primarily:Firstly, the general bus stop and bus lane use problems in China are analyzed through comparing the use of bus facilities to aboard. Based on the analysis, the styles of bus stops and bus lanes are concluded. Design issues are also discussed.Then, the influencing factors are evaluated qualitatively based on the microcosmic bus travel behavior though an evaluation model. In the model, 9 independent variables and their attributes are defined. The outcomes can explain the factors’influence degree.Besides, some design and management issues of bus transit are also concluded. Some applicabilities of the measures in China are discussed based on the outcomes of the evaluation model.Finally, case study. A bus transit organization scenario is represented. After analysizing the traffic problem, a series of improment measures are put forward. The measures are validated effective though the caculation and simulation.更多还原