【作者】 柯其枝；

【导师】 谭洪卫；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 焊接是机械加工业不可缺少的工业技术手段，在国民经济发展中起着重要的作用。然而伴随焊接工艺所产生的烟尘对劳动环境造成严重污染，危及人们的健康。焊接烟尘的治理一直是困扰工业通风领域的一大世界性难题，其难点就在于焊接厂房的大型化趋势、焊接地点的不确定性、焊接方式的多样性以及复杂的焊接烟尘形成扩散机理等。事实上至今为止尚未能从理论或实测上完全把握焊接烟尘的形成与扩散过程与诸多空间要素的关系。尤其是对于规模巨大且半开放的造船厂焊接厂房空间，既不可能完全依赖于自然通风，也难以实施全室机械通风，至今难以构筑有效的通风除尘措施。目前，我国造船业进入快速发展时期，2005年我国造船业已占到世界市场份额的18％。而焊接技术在现代船舶制造中起着关键的作用，据资料介绍，在船体建造中，焊接工时约占船体建造总工时的30％～40％。因此解决好巨大造船焊接厂房的通风除尘问题将成为提高造船业劳动卫生条件，保障劳动者健康的重要命题。 本文通过现场考察、文献调研、实验的方法和应用现代计算流体力学与计算机技术相结合的CFD技术手段，对造船厂焊接厂房内焊接烟尘治理这一长期以来困惑焊接行业的难题作了大量而艰辛的前期分析研究工作，特别是对难以进行实验研究的高大半开放焊接厂房空间对象，对自然通风、辅助机械通风方式进行了较为系统的预测分析和效果评价，首次给出了非定常室外气候条件对自然通风效果影响的定性及定量分析，计算评价了不同建筑条件和通风方式下的通风效果。 本文研究取得了焊接烟尘治理领域的阶段性成果，为今后的工程应用和进一步的深入研究奠定了良好的基础，具有较高的工程应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Welding technology is an essential industrial technology means during the machinery processing industry , and it plays a very impotant role in the development of national economy .But smoke and dust produced by bonding technology bring damage to the working environment gravely , endanger people’s health . Governing soldering smoke and dust in air is always a perplexing problem in the field of industrial ventilation and becomes the difficult point of the field because of the large-scale-rization trend of workshop building, the uncertainty of welding place, the diversity of welding way and the complicated smoke and dust’s formating and irradiating mechanism etc. In fact, so far the relations between the formating and diffusing process of smoke and dust and a lot of space key elements have been not able to be grasped completely from theory or reality yet .Especially to the enormous and partly open welding workshop of the shipyard, both natural draft and mechanical ventilation can not be dependent on completely and be put into practice. Effective dust removal by ventilation is very difficult so far. At present, shipbuilding industry in our country enters a fast- developing period .In 2005 Chinese shipbuilding industry already accounts for 18% of world shipbuilding industry market. The welding technology is the key technology in the modern shipbuilding .it is introduced on the grounds of the data that a working hour takes up 30% ~ 40% of general working hour in constructing ship .So in order to improve labour health condition in shipbuilding industry and to guarantee labourer healthy, it is an important proposition to solve dust removal by ventilation of the enormous welding workshop.This article has made a great deal difficult analysis and hard research on governing soldering smoke and dust in the shipyard that is always a perplexing problem in the field of welding industry by on-the-spot investigation, surveying the document survey , experiment and CFD which combinates modern computational fluid mechanics with computer science .Especially to the open welding workshop building space in which the experiment and study are difficult to carry out ,this article has carried out comparatively systematic analysis and effect estimation on natural ventilation and assisting mechanical ventilation . This article has firstly analysed the natural ventilation performance in welding workshop of shipyard with non-constant outdoor climate condition determinately and quantitatively, estimated the ventilation effect with diversity builds condition and the way of ventilation .This article has got the achievements of the current stage on governing soldering smoke and更多还原