【作者】 黄黎玲；

【导师】 李潇；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 私法层面上的人格权理论研究始于19世纪的德国法学,人格权概念是以自然人人格为雏形发展起来的。法人也具有人格,但将法人与人格权联系起来进行研究的理论著作甚少,主要原因就是对法人是否享有人格权存在较大争议,要么是想当然地认为,法人既然具有人格,就必然有人格权;要么就是认为法人人格不具有自然人人格属性,否定法人人格权。无论是哪种观点,都导致了法人人格权理论研究的相对滞后。本文正是基于这一理论研究现状,站在肯定论的立场上,运用比较法学、法历史学、法解释学和实证分析的研究方法,对法人人格权的历史沿革、确立的法律背景、体系和特征、权利行使及民法保护作了初步探讨,并在此基础上,提出了法人人格权的立法建议。全文四万多字,由导论、正文和结束语三部分组成,其中正文包括五章,各章的内容概括如下:第一章追溯法人人格权的历史沿革及确立的法律背景。本章分三节,第一节考察了法人人格的确立,以自然人的人格演变为基础,分析了人格与民事主体、权利能力的区别,阐明了从自然人人格到法人人格,是社会经济发展和法律技术相结合的产物。第二节论述了从法人人格到法人人格权,两者在民事立法中并不是同步的,而是经历了一个漫长而曲折的发展过程。第三节涉及法人人格权确立的立法政策判断、理论论证和法律技术运用三个方面的法律背景。第二章分析法人人格权的体系和特征。本章分两节,第一节指出传统法人人格权体系划分的不足,通过对法人人格权客体的分析,阐明法人人格权体系的应然构成,包括法人名称权、法人名誉权、法人信用权和法人秘密权。法人人格权的特征通过与自然人人格权和法人财产权相比较而彰显出来,为此,第二节区别了法人人格权与自然人人格权、法人人格权与法人财产权。第三章探讨法人人格权的行使。法人人格权的行使符合人格权行使的一般规则,可以由权利主体自己行使,但法人人格权所体现的主要是经济利益,这就使得法人人格权的转让行使成为必要与可能。本章探讨了法人人格权转让行使的理论基础和方式,并对法人人格权的授权许可、投资和权利的转让三种转让行使方式进行了分析。第四章比较分析法人人格权的民法保护。法人人格权的民法保护是人格权制度的一项重要内容,随着社会经济的发展,多数国家或地区对法人人格权的民法保护有了新的发展:其一是对法人人格权的保护方式从单一的侵权请求权发展为人格权请求权与侵权请求权并立;其二是对侵害法人人格权所造成的非财产损害承担的责任形式从单纯的非财产民事责任发展为非财产民事责任与财产性损害赔偿责任并行。反思我国法人人格权的民法保护,存在着保护范围过窄、立足于责任角度、与自然人人格权采取一体保护、混淆人格权请求权与侵权请求权、未规定非财产损害赔偿等不足。第五章提出关于法人人格权的立法建议。本章从立法体例和内容两个方面对法人人格权立法提出建议。首先界定了人格权法的外延与内涵,其次是分析了国外立法体例和我国在制定民法典过程中关于人格权立法体例的讨论的几种观点,最后论证了人格权法应当独立成篇,法人人格权应当采取与自然人人格权相区别的立法体例。法人人格权的基本内容包括三个方面:法人人格权的基本理论、法人人格权的权利类型和行使、法人人格权的民法保护。本文选题的内涵丰富,涉及的知识面范围较广,几乎囊括了民法中的所有知识点:民事主体、权利、人格权、财产权、合同、侵权行为及民事责任;同时内容的时空跨度也较大,从古罗马法到现代民法,而且由于法人人格权的许多制度起源于国外大陆法中的相关制度。因此,对大陆法系国家及我国台湾地区相关法律制度及研究成果的比较、考察分析在论文中占据着重要地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Personality right theoretical research of civil law stratification originated from German legal sciece in the 19th century, the personality right concept developed from the natural person’s personality as embryonic form. Legal person has also personality, but the theory work is very few of research on contacting legal person with personality right, the main reason is that there is dispute about whether legal person enjoys personality right or not, either is believed, legal person has personality, so it has personality right inevitably; either is thought, legal person’s personality does not have the natural person’s personality attribute, so it doesn’t personality right. Whichever viewpoint regardless of it, all has leaded theoretical research on the legal person’s personality right to lag relatively. The author is precisely based on this research situation at present, adopts a standpoint that legal person is of personality right, utilizes comparative law, law history, law explanation study and real analysis research methods, makes a preliminary discussion to the legal person’s personality right historical evolution and legal background of its establishment, the system and the characteristic, the right exercised and its civil law protection. In this foundation, the author puts forward legislative proposal on the legal person’s personality right. The article is more than 40,000 characters and is composed of the foreword, the main text and the concluding remarks three parts, the main text includes five chapters, each chapter of content is summarized as follows:Chapter one traces the historical evolution of legal person’s personality right and legal background of its establishment. This chapter divides into three sections, firstly inspects personality’s establishment of the legal person, based on natural person’s personality evolution, analyzing difference among the personality and the civil main body and the right ability, expounding from the natural person’s personality to the legal person’s personality is the product of the social economic development and application of legal technology. Section two elaborates from the legal person’s personality to its personality right is not the synchronization in the civil legislation, but has experienced long and winding developing process. Section three involves the legal backgrounds about its establishment in three aspects: the legislative policy judgment, the theoretical proof and the utilization of legal technology.Chapter two analyzes the system and the characteristic of legal person’s personality right. This chapter divides into two sections, section one points out that its traditional systematical division is insufficiency, analyzes its object, expounds its system should include the right of name, of reputation, of credit and of secret. Its characteristic appears by compared with the natural person’s personality right and legal person property rights, so section two has distinguished it and the natural person’s personality right, the legal person’s personality right and legal person property rights.Chapter three discusses how to exercise legal person’s personality right. it should conform to the general rule which the personality right is exercised and can be exercised by subject, but it manifests mainly economic interests, which makes it essential and possible transfer to be exercised by others. This chapter has discussed the rationale and the ways that it transfers to be exercised, including three kind of ways: the right authorized permission, the investment and the right transferred.Chapter four does a comparative analysis the civil law protection of legal person’s personality right. It is an important content in the personality right system, with the social economy development, it has a new development overseas: firstly its protection way has developed from the sole request right of right infringement into request right of personality right and request right of right infringement existing side by side; Secondly its responsibility form which is undertaken when it is violated to create the non- property harm has developed from the pure non- property civil liability into the non- property civil liability and the property damage compensation responsibility in parallel. Reconsidering our country civil law protection of it, there are defects as below: the extent of protection excessively to be narrow, based on the responsibility angle, to adopt a same protection way as natural person’s personality right, the confusion request right of personality right and request right of right infringement, not to stipulate non- property damage compensation and so on..Chapter five proposes legislative suggestion from the legislation style and the content two aspects about the legal person’s personality right. Firstly the author defines the personality right regulation’s extension and the connotation, next analyzes the legislative style overseas and our country several viewpoints in the formulation civil code process, finally proves that the personality right law should have its own style independently and the legal person’s personality right must adopt the legislative style which distinguishes it from the natural person’s personality right. The basic content of legal person’s personality right includes three aspects: its elementary theory, its type and exercise and its civil law protection.This article selects a topic which is rich in connotation and involves a broad knowledge scope including all knowledge spot nearly in the civil law such as civil main body, right, personality right, property rights, contract, tort and civil liability; At the same time the content spans a big space and time, from ancient Rome law to modern civil law, moreover because many systems of legal person’s personality right originated in the related systems in the continental law overseas, comparison and analysis of correlative law system and the research results in the continental legal system country and our country Taiwan area occupy the important status in this paper.更多还原