【作者】 邓玉芬；

【导师】 吴晓妮； 犹家仲；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 余华是中国当代文坛上一位很引人注目的作家。对历史的关注和叙述,始终是余华创作的一个方面,以前的论者多津津乐道于其作品独特的形式和主题,而很少关注到这一点。本论文从比较文学的角度出发,以新历史主义批评为方法论,并引进福柯的权力理论,对余华的历史叙事进行了较详细的阐释,从而试图为后来的余华研究者提供一个新的视角。论文一共由三大部分组成。第一章侧重从国际国内背景及作家个人写作三个方面,分析了余华新历史主义叙事的语境。二十世纪八十年代末九十年代初,面对欧美批评界和文学界里重新恢复历史意识的呼声,国内高度紧张的政治文化氛围,以及作家自己为内心写作的愿望,余华选择了叙述历史。第二章由两个小节构成。第一节以新历史主义为批评武器,重点阐述了余华对传统历史观的质疑,即从“历史的文本性”和历史的偶然性两个角度出发,对历史的客观性和必然性提出了质疑,认为任何对历史的叙述和阐释都不可能是完全客观和真实的,它必定具有某种虚构性;而历史在其发展过程中,充满了种种偶然因素,所以,身处历史之中的个体,其命运势必体现出无常性。第二节运用福柯的权力理论,分别从边缘人物、边缘意识和边缘结论三个方面,彰显出余华对传统历史叙事的无情解构和颠覆,并指出在余华看来,所谓的历史进步只不过是以牺牲小人物的利益,以小人物的鲜血和死亡为代价的,历史理性的后面其实包藏着残忍。第三章着重探讨余华对“小历史”建构。当余华意识到自己已把传统历史解构得支离破碎之后,他又把目光转向了最富有活力的中国民间社会。他从民间看到了希望和力量,以民间文化和民间精神为基石,重建了一部真正属于老百姓自己的“民间历史”。这种“民间历史”既具有民族性,又具有人类性,它已超越阶级、种族、文化、价值观念、意识形态,成为一种文化寓言。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yu Hua is a very noticeable writer in the view of Chinese contemporary literary. The narrative about history is always an aspect of Yu Hua’s creation. With most studies focusing on the unique form and the subject in his works, his historical narrative is neglected. The author tries to make a complete interpretation about Yu Hua’s historical narrative from the perspective of comparative literature in this thesis. It will try to provide an afterwards researcher with a new angle of new historicism and Foucault’s power theory.The thesis is composed of three parts.In the first chapter, the background of the neo-historicism narrative of Yu Hua is analyzed. As an answer for the requirement of recovering historical consciousness in the European-American critical world, domestic intense political culture atmosphere, and the writer’s writing desire for the innermost feelings, Yu Hua has chosen to narrate the history since the end of 1980s.The second chapter includes two sections. With the new historicism as the critical weapon, Yu Hua’s doubt about traditional history vision is emphatically illustrated in the first section. It puts forward his doubt on the objectivity and the inevitability of history from the perspective of " the textuality of history" and the contingency of history. That is to say, it is impossible that any narrative and explanation about history is completely objective and real, there must be some fabrication; history is made up of all sorts of accidental factors in its process, therefore, the individual’s destiny in history will manifest its uncertainty. Under Foucault’s theory of power, mainly including marginal character, marginal consciousness and marginal conclusion, Yu Hua’s deconstruction of the traditional history narrative is rediscovered. That the so-called historical progress is only at the cost of the sacrifice of those unimportant persons’benefits becomes so apparently. In fact, behind the historical reason, there is the cruelty.In the third chapter, after realizing that he has deconstructed the traditional更多还原