【作者】 郗玉松；

【导师】 唐仁郭；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 五四前后,西方的合作主义通过归国的留学生和社会主义学者传入中国,合作主义宣传者认为,合作社是有益于穷人的经济组织,中国应该实行。随着中国社会各阶层关注农村问题的日益普遍化,合作主义的宣传者们逐渐把关注的重心从城市转向广大的农村。在探索西方合作主义与中国农村社会结合点的过程中,农村信用合作社受到了很大的关注。许多学者认为,信用合作社是中国农村社会根本改变的第一步,由国家举办信用合作社、发展农村合作运动是改造中国的惟一路径。正是在探索西方合作主义与中国农村社会结合点的这一过程中,中国的早期合作主义者不再像西方那样把城市消费合作社作为关注的焦点,而把中国农村社会作为思考的中心,逐渐实现了西方合作主义在中国的“本土化”。这为后来南京国民政府实施农村合作运动奠定了较为深厚的理论基础。华洋义赈会组织的农村信用合作社的迅速发展,使政府及关注农村的团体纷纷到农村举办农村合作社,从而形成了民国时期的农村合作运动和乡村建设运动。在合作人才、理论技术方面为以后的合作运动提供了有益的借鉴,促使现代金融机构向农村延伸,对农村的复兴起到了一定的作用。三十年代初期,由于天灾人祸等因素的影响,农村中传统的借贷关系日益萎缩。典当业等传统的农村借贷关系日益衰弱,贫困的农民告贷无门。国民政府制定并实施了许多现代化的政策,推动了乡村农业的发展。国民政府的农村政策包含了极为广泛的内容,有农村社会发展政策、土地政策、农产品贸易政策、农村税收政策、农技推广政策、农村教育与科研政策等等,其中农村合作运动是其农村政策的主要内容之一,国民政府的农村合作运动以农村信用合作社为主要内容,有力的推动了乡村借贷关系的变动,国民政府新式农村金融机构在农村得以尝试与构建。以信用合作社为中心的农村现代金融体系是农业现代化的标志之一。合作运动是国家以信贷经济手段发展农业的尝试,同时也是中国近代史上最具有现代色彩的农村政策。信用合作社借贷是中国农村借贷关系转型的重要标志,它提供了更多还原

【Abstract】 Around the May 4th Movement of 1919, the western corporatism spread to China through the returned students and the socialism scholars. Cooperatism propagandists believed that China should implement it because the cooperative society was beneficial to the poor’s economic organization. As the increasing generalization of the attention paid on rural problems by all classes of society, the cooperatism propagandists gradually changed the attention from the city to the countryside. In the process of exploring the combination of the west cooperatism and the Chinese countryside society, special attention was paid to credit cooperative in rural areas. Many scholars held that credit cooperative was the fist step to the radical change in Chinese countryside society and the state-organized credit cooperative and developing rural cooperative movement was the only way to reform China. It was in the progress of exploring the combination of the west cooperatism and the Chinese countryside society that China’s early cooperatisms did not focus on the urban consumption, instead, they focused on the rural society, then realizing the“localization”of western cooperatism in China and finally laying solid theoretical foundation for the Nanjing national government’s rural cooperatives movement.The rapid development of rural credit cooperative organized by the HuayangZhenzai meeting attracted government and those who were concerning with rural to open rural cooperatives in countryside, resulting in rural cooperation movement in the Republic of China era. It provided beneficial model for the later cooperation movement in the respect of person with ability, theory and technique, extending the modern financial organ to the rural areas, exerting certain influences on the renaissance of rural area.In the early 1930s, the tradition lend-load relation ship withered gradually as a result of nature and man-made disasters. The traditional countryside lend-load relations such as Pawning industry was feeble, which made impoverished farmers have no way load,National government’s countryside polices involved wide content, such as the countryside society’s developing policy. the agrarian policy, the agricultural product trade policy, the countryside tax policy, agricultural technique promotion policy, rural education and scientific research policy and so on. Rural更多还原