【作者】 金海峰；

【导师】 林琦；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》于1996年4月1日起施行。该法的颁行，结束了我国长期以来固体废物污染防治无法可依的局面，有力地促进了固体废物污染防治工作。但该法的颁行之前，危险废物的处置没有引起足够的重视，由此留下许多环境隐患。废油渣主要指炼油过程中产生的沥青质物质，含有多环芳烃（PAHs）、正构烷烃和苯类化合物等多种有毒有害物质，是我国存在问题较多的一类危险废物，加强“废油渣”处置场所环境质量现状的研究不仅是制定污染控制对策的依据，也能对污染场地的生态修复起一定的借鉴和指导意义。 本论文以浙江省某地废油渣处置场所周边土壤为研究对象，初步了解废油渣处置场所周边土壤受影响后的各种指标，包括理化指标、生化指标、污染指标、植物效应指标的变化，得出如下结果： （1） 废油渣处置场所周边土壤pH下降非常明显，离处置场所的距离越近，下降越明显。 （2） 废油渣处置场所周边土壤主要存在的污染物包括C13～C39的各种烷烃、二甲苯、乙苯、萘、苊、甲基萘、1-（N-苯胺基）萘、二环环烷等，定量分析表明，土壤烷烃中浓度最高可以达到709μg/g，芳烃总浓度达到了25.6μg/g。 （3） 土壤呼吸强度、磷酸酶、H₂O₂酶和脲酶等生化指标的分析表明，污染物所表现出的效应并不是单纯的负面的污染效应，土壤的利用方式也对这些指标具有显著性影响。酶活性和呼吸强度指标可以作为对土壤环境质量评价的参考指标。 （4） 通过PCR-DGGE技术对土壤的细菌群落结构进行分析发现，大部分污染土壤样品的多样性指数（Shannon指数）均高于对照土壤，采自菜地的土壤样品的多样性指数的整体水平要明显高于采自水稻田和塘泥的土壤样品。另外，通过分析各个样品DGGE谱图的条带数目、位置和亮度发现，大部分土壤样品和对照相比都具有比较大的差异。因此可以推定处置场所周围的细菌群落结构已经发生了很大的改变。 （5） 通过发芽试验和根伸长试验对处置场所周围土壤进行了植物效应分析，结果表明，土壤污染对发芽率没有表现出明显的抑制效应；但是对根系生长表现出更多还原

【Abstract】 Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes Of the People’ s Republic of China was enacted on April 1st, 1996, the publication of the law ends the situation that prevention of solid waste pollution in our China has no relative laws and regulations to depend on and greatly improved the situation of solid waste prevention work. However, before the enact of the law, the disposal of solid waste, especially hazardous solid waste doesn’t get enough attraction, the disposal manners of these hazardous waste were mostly landfill without pollution prevention efforts and left lots of environmental security threat affecting health of the people around in various ways. Waste oil sludge mainly refers to asphaltenes produced in the oil refining, including PAHs, Alkanes, Benzol compounds etc and is a kind of hazardous waste existing produced in huge mount in our country. Enforcing the environmental quality assessment of the waste oil sludge disposal places can provide reference for the pollution control of the disposal place as well as instruction for the remediation of the polluted environment. And it is of great theoretical and practical meaning for the pollution control of the similar polluted environment.In this paper we evaluate the environmental quality of the soil around waste oil sludge disposal place in Yuhang town by using different indexes including pollutants’ concentration, soil enzyme activity and microbe community biodiversity on the basis of learning about pollution history and basic characters of the soil, also we evaluate the ecological risk by toxicological method to evaluate it’s ecotoxicity. And at last we get the results as follows:1. Soil pH as well as water pH around the disposal place drops obviously, the closer it is to the disposal place, the more it is dropped. According to the distances from the disposal place, we set the environment around into four different areas for our further analysis.2. Determination of organic pollutants of the soil samples reveals that pollutants in the soil samples mainly includes alkanes ranging from C13 to C39,更多还原