【作者】 饶慧斌；

【导师】 廖允成；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 种植， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 棉花是主要经济作物和大宗农产品,在我国经济中有着举足轻重的地位。新中国成立以后到2000年,我国共育成1376个陆地棉品种和47个基础种质,经济效益和社会效益非常显著。近年来,我国棉花育种工作基本上处在徘徊状态,其中最主要的原因是,现有的陆地棉品种的亲缘关系过近,遗传基础贫乏,已难从中选出突破性品种,特别是很难选出生产上急需的多抗性品种。利用远缘杂交手段,从野生种或者其它栽培种中转入有用特性,创造生产上急需的材料,再将常规育种和现代生物技术紧密结合,对新创造的优异种质材料进行选育,是丰富棉花种质基础,选育突破性品种的有效途径之一。本研究总结归纳了国内外棉花远缘杂交研究发展的历史及现状,并结合国家农业部2003～2007年《优势农产品区域布局规划》、我国棉花远缘杂交取得的成就以及西北农林科技大学棉花研究所远缘杂交课题组工作的具体情况,展望了我国和我校棉花远缘杂交工作的前景。指出远缘杂交材料遗传基础丰富,创造新类型的潜力很大,加强对其研究力的度,对拓宽和丰富种质资源库具有重要意义;积极创造条件及早对材料进行目标性状的鉴定,是缩短育种周期、避免浪费的有效途径之一;初步查清了解决远缘杂交三大困难的主要方法;通过实践证明了卡那霉素快速检测法是对杂交后代进行抗虫性鉴定的有效方法之一;在对远缘杂交后代材料进行遗传改良的过程中,回交代数不能过多,一般回交3代即可等。并特别强调合作研究是远缘杂交取得突破性进展的捷径。旨在阐明远缘杂交在棉花新品种选育工作中的重要性,进而激励我校从事棉花远缘杂交工作的科研人员强抓机遇、迎接挑战、鼓足干劲,为陕西乃至西北的棉花育种工作再上一个台阶做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton which has a great effect upon economic development is one of the most important economic crops and products in China. 1376 upland cultivars and 47 germplasms that have created great economic and social effect were bred since the People’s Republic of China was found. However, in recent years, cotton breeding in China had been remaining in the same standard for long time that because many upland cultivars came from similar parents. Many experiment proved that distant-crossing hybrid in cotton which can amplify parents germplasms is one of the most breeding methods. This paper summaried prospects and advances of study on cotton distant-crossing hybrid on the basis of《areas plant project of the superiority of products from 2003 year to 2007 year》, the progress of distant-crossing hybrid in cotton in China and the research development of cotton distant-crossing hybrid in cotton institute of North-west Science-technology university of Agriculture and Forestry. The result of experiment showed following conclusions: the germplasm materials of distant-crossing hybrid in cotton provide sufficient valuable genetic characters for the cotton breeding, breakthough cultivars will be developed in the future; It is one of the most efficiency breeding methods to positively create advantage and identify end breeding characters on time; we discovered the key technology to solve three restriction factors which prevent from distant-crossing hybrid in cotton; Labelled inspection technique with kanamycin is one of the most efficient wasys to identify resistance to cotton Bollworm; During the genetic modification of distant-crossing materials in cotton, the times of backcrossing afterward continuous can’t be much more than three.更多还原