【作者】 王启明；

【导师】 翟梅枝；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林业， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 经济林是山区发展农村经济的首选产业,对山区农民增收具有重要意义。晋西黄土丘陵区适宜多种经济林果生长,如枣、核桃、仁用杏、花椒、柿子、山楂等,目前发展经济林果产业已成为该区农业产业结构调整的重要导向之一。进一步研究生态经济林复合种植模式,不仅为复合种植提供科学依据,提高经济效益,并有助于改善生态环境。因此,本文针对黄土丘陵区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、土地生产力低、农民生活困难的现状,通过科学试验提出了以提高生态效益和经济效益为目的的生态经济林的概念,并研究了生态经济林产业化模式的标准、建设方法和经营技术。主要研究结果如下:1.从石楼县的生态环境,社会经济,林业资源及生产状况分析,在确保粮食生产的前提下,实施退耕还林还草,在进行多林种、多树种生态林业发展的同时,重点发展生态经济林,实施区域生态经济型产业结构模式是实现县域生态环境治理、经济发展的唯一途径。2.利用多目标线性规划优化模型,确定晋西地区石楼县农、林、牧用地比为0.22:0.45:0.33,用材林、经济林、水土保持林用地比为0.18:0.37:0.45。3.根据石楼县的自然条件、气候特征、社会经济、林业资源和主要经济林木树种、品种生长发育对环境的要求,石楼县划分为三个生态经济林产业区。即黄河沿岸生态经济林产业区、中部生态经济林产业区和东部生态经济林产业区。4.在黄土丘陵区坡度与坡向是影响枣树生产力的主要因素,枣树产量与坡度、坡向具有显著的相关性。5.黄土丘陵区光热充足,适宜经济林复合经营,4种枣粮复合经营模式的产值依次为:枣油菜复合>枣花生复合>枣黄花菜复合>枣麦复合,说明枣油菜复合经营是枣粮间作中的优化模式。6.经济林果园采用深翻施肥技术,有机质提高了44.86%,全氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量分别提高了25%,72%和32.34%。改善了土壤结构,提高了土壤保水保肥能力。综上所述,该研究取得的成果对晋西黄土丘陵区经济林生产实践具有积极的现实指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 1 The economic forest is the first choice in the developing economic of the mountainous area, and have an important meaning for increasing income of the mountainous area farmers. Loess hills area of Jin-xi is suitable to the many species economic forests growing, such as the jujube, the walnut, the apricot, the persimmon, the haw and so on. At present, developing the economic forest fruit industry has become one of the important guidance in agriculture structure adjustment. Further study on the multi-cultivation pattern of ecology economic forest not only provides the scientific basis for the multi-cultivation, enhances the economic efficiency, but also is helpful to the improvement ecological environment. Therefore, according to the current situation of loess hills area: the severity of soil erosion, the fragility of ecological environment, and the lives in straitened circumstances, an idea of ecological economic forest aiming at improving ecological and economic benefit was introduced by scientific experiment, and the standard, the methods of building and management of ecological economic forest were also studied. The main results as follows:1. Analyze Shilou County’s ecological environment, the social economy, the forestry resources and the production condition, implementing the region ecology economy industrial structure pattern is the only way while carrying on many species and varieties ecology forestry development, ecology economic forest is priority to develop to realize the ecological environment government, the economy development. the implementation takes back from agriculture return the forest (the grass) under the premise of guaranteeing the grain production2. Using the multi- goals linear programming optimization model, land ratio of the agriculture, the forest, the herd is confirmed 0.22:0.45:0.33 in the Shilou county of Jin-xi area, land ratio of the timber forest, the economic forest, the conservation of water and soil forest uses is 0.18:0.37:0.45.3. According to Shilou County’s natural condition, the climate characteristic, the social economy, the forestry resources and requirement of the main economical forest types, the varieties growth to the environment, Shilou County were divided three ecology economic forests industry area. Namely the Yellow River coast ecology economic forest industry area, the middle ecology economic forest industry area and the eastern part ecology economic forest industry area.4. In loess hills area, the grade and slope are the primary factors in the jujube productive forces, the jujube output with grade and slope have the remarkable relationship.5. Loess hills area is suitable the economic forest multi-management due to climate dry, the light and hot are sufficient, the 4 kind of jujube grains multi-management pattern in the production value is in turn: jujube + rape multi-cultivation pattern > jujube + peanut multi-cultivation pattern > jujube + Day lily multi-cultivation pattern > jujube + wheat multi-cultivation pattern, the result indicate jujube + rape multi-management is the best pattern in the jujube grain intercrop pattern.6. Used the technology of the deep plowing and apply fertilizer, the organic matter of the economic forest orchard enhanced 44.86%, the entire nitrogen, the fast-acting phosphorus and the fast-acting potassium content separately enhanced 25%, 72% and 32.34%. The method improved the soil structure, enhanced the soil to preserve moisture and fertility ability.In conclusion, these research results have a practical instructing significance to the economic forest industry in loess hills area of western-shanxi.更多还原