【作者】 李维嘉；

【导师】 白燕；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 分析化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料具有特殊的光学性质、力学性质、热学性质、磁学性质、超导电性、声学性能等，为多学科交叉发展带来了新的机遇。 硒既是重要的半导体材料，具有优良的光电性能，可用于整流器、太阳能电池、硒鼓等光电子学领域，又是人体必需的微量元素，在生命活动中发挥着重要的作用。而由我国科学家率先研制的纳米硒具有高生物活性和高安全性，其毒性比有机硒和无机硒低，活性比有机硒和无机硒高，因此，研究纳米硒具有重要意义。 在纳米材料制备领域，纳米材料的快速团聚、无序分散、无定形形貌一直是人们要解决的问题，研究表明，修饰剂的加入可以有效地防止纳米微粒团聚、均匀分散，并使之具有特殊的存在形貌。糖不仅是一切生物体维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源，某些糖具有重要的生理功能；也是稳定化剂和修饰剂，在保存领域方面，糖修饰剂对纳米的成核、生长微粒形状调控方面发挥了重要的作用。 本文采用抗坏血酸还原亚硒酸钠的方法合成糖纳米硒，采用共振瑞利散射光谱法、透射电镜、激光散射等方法对产物进行了表征。主要内容有：ⅰ以寡糖（蔗糖）纳米硒的制备和表征为例介绍了在液相中纳米硒被蔗糖修饰剂的调控机制，结果表明，液相中纳米硒微粒的聚集是受蔗糖分子所调控的纳米组装，且蔗糖对所形成的纳米硒粒子有良好的稳定化作用。当纳米硒浓度在1.07μmol·L^-1～42.8μmol·L^-1时，纳米硒聚集粒子的粒径被蔗糖调控在22.0nm～71.5nm之间。含糖的液相纳米硒溶液于2℃～10℃温度下可稳定保存2个月以上；ⅱ对制备的单糖（葡萄糖）硒微粒、寡糖（蔗糖）纳米硒、多糖（异枝麒麟硫酸酯菜多糖、壳聚糖）纳米硒进行了表征，比较研究了单糖、寡糖和多糖修饰剂对纳米硒的调控机制。结果发现：由于糖修饰剂本身结构不同的影响，对纳米硒的生成速率，粒径控制，形貌，保存时间均有不同的影响。其中，多糖修饰剂对纳米硒的调控作用最明显，寡糖修饰剂次之，单糖修饰剂最弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanoparticles materials are wildly used in the field of chemistry, biology, medicine, optics, electron, magnetism, et al due to their properties of optics, mechanics, calorifics, magnetics, mechanism, electric, acoustics, which bring great opportunities to multiply subjects.Selenium is not only an important semiconductor material, which has eminent and optics properties. It is used in Selenium rectifier, solar battery, Selenium drum, et al; but also a necessary trace element for human body. Nanoparticles Selenium which is first studied by our country’s scientist possess superiority photoelectric performance, higher biological activity and also low toxicity, therefore the preparation of nanoparticles Selenium are becoming an important research direction.In the field of nano-materials preparation, the problem that their quick deposit, disorder decentralization and chaos sharp is people now pursuing and resolving. Researches show that modifiers could prevent nano-materials particulate quick deposit effectively, separate the particulate evenly and modulation their special sharp.Saccharides are not only main energy sources of human body and possess some important physiological functions. Saccharides are also stabilization solution, especially in the field of preservation, which affect the nucleation, pullulation and modulation of nano- particulate.In this paper, monosaccharide（glucose）、 oligosaccharide（sucrose）、 polysaccharide（from Eucheuma striatum） is used as a modulation solution in synthesizing Selenium nanoparticles which were produced with the reduction of selenium acid by ascorbic acid with the method of resonance rayleigh scattering（RRS）, transmission electron microscope（TEM） and lacer ray scattering（LRS）. Main content included: i. the mechanism study of sucrose-nano-Se⁰ in liquid1 system, results showed that sucrose solution modulated the assemble of nanometer Se⁰ particles and stabilized the Se⁰ particles in liquid phase. From the concentration of 1.07μ mol ·L^-1 to 42.8μ mol ·L^-1, in the presence of 1.0% sucrose solution, the major distribution range of Se⁰ diameter was 20～80nm. Furthermore, the nanometer Se⁰ sol-gel could be preserved stably in sucrose solution at least 2 months between 2～10℃; ii .the mechanism modulation comparison of更多还原