【作者】 江皓；

【导师】 李炳炎；

【作者基本信息】 中共江苏省委党校 ， 政治经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国城乡居民的收入有了大幅提高,人民生活水平正在以前所末有的速度提高。但同时收入分配领域确实还存在着诸多不良现象和问题,突出的是收入差距扩大的问题,无论从基尼系数还是我国实证考察来看,我国收入差距都出现了扩大的趋势。公平分配再次引起了人们的关注。文章首先从马克思主义经济理论出发,认识到公平分配在于其所采用的尺度是同一的。等量劳动获得等量报酬的按劳分配是公平分配,按资本、劳动力、技术等参与分配也是公平分配。公平分配是承认个人差别即劳动力质量差别的相对公平,因而允许收入适当拉开差距是公平分配的题中之意。当然允许收入差距拉开的前提条件是个人通过诚实劳动、拥有生产要素(资本、技术等)、占有财产或者其他合法途径获得个人收入。同时,收入差距不宜过大,公平分配是避免收入差距扩大过程中出现的两极分化的最直接、最有效的手段。接着,文章对居民收入的涵义做了界定,分析了当前居民收入分配的特点,还对我国现阶段居民收入差距现状作了分析。指出居民收入差距扩大主要表现在、城乡收入差距扩大、地区收入差距扩大、行业收入差距扩大和所有制间收入差距扩大。对于现阶段我国收入差距扩大的趋势,我们要有正确的认识。我们应该清醒地看到我国贫富差距还没有达到两极分化的程度。我们要区别对待我国现阶段的收入差距扩大。我国转型期居民收入分配不公的成因可以分为一般性成因和特殊性成因。一般性成因主要包括分配体制差异、经济发展阶段差异、劳动者个人素质差异、制度不完善和管理失范等。而特殊性成因则包括二元经济结构、地区发展水平、级差收益、所有制结构变动。严格地讲,我们所主张的遏制收入差距过大,主要是指严肃处理不合理、不合法的收入,而不是不加区别的遏制正常的收入。解决收入差距过大的总体思路是倡导公平分配的氛围。具体而言,就是:第一,要树立公平的分配观;第二,按科学发展观要求调整政策指导思想;第三,巩固和加强公有制经济的主体地位;第四,逐步扩大中等收入者比重,规范个人收入分配秩序;第五,完善制度建设;第六,把“公有制分享经济运行机制”引入初次分配;第七,加大再次分配的力度;第八,大力提倡和引导三次分配。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Reform and Opening of China, the income of the urban and rural residents has improved greatly and the living standards of people are raising at an unprecedented speed. But at the same time there are a great deal of unhealthy tendency and questions, and the most one is the expansion in income gap. Investigations into the Gini coefficient and the actual conditions of our country prove the same result, which arouses the attention of the public.From the view of economic theory of Marxism, we realize the fairness of distribution lies in the same standard adopted. It’s fair to distribute according to one’s performance, and it’s also a fairness to distribute according to one’s capital, workforce, technology and so on. Fair distribution is a relative fairness that acknowledges the personal difference in workforce quality. And proper income gap is concluded in fair distribution. But the premise is that people obtain their income by honest work, possession of assets and productive factors (capital, technology, etc.)and other legal means. At the same time, the income gap should not be boundlessly expanded. Fair distribution is the most direct and effective means to avoid polarization in the course of expansion in income gap.Then, we define the meaning of resident income, analyze the characteristics of current income distribution. The expansion in income gap in the real world is separated into the urban and rural areas disparities, regional disparity, industry disparity and ownership disparity. We should take a correct attitude to the tendency of expansion in income gap. The income gap in our country has not reached the degree of polarization.We must make a difference among the reasons than lead to income gap. Factors that contribute to income gap can be separated into two types: general and specific causes. The general causes include the distribution system disparity, stages of economic development disparities, differences in the quality of laborers individuals, imperfect systems and inadequate management. The specific causes include dual economic structure, regional development level, grading differential earnings, the ownership structure change. Strictly speaking, the income gap wemaintain to containment is mainly referring to the unreasonable, illegal income, and the normally obtained income is not included. The overall solution to reduce income gap is promote equitable distribution of atmosphere. First, we should establish a correct outlook on the equitable distribution. Second, we should adjustment policies in accordance with the scientific development concept for guiding ideology. Third, we should consolidate and strengthen the dominant position of the public更多还原