【作者】 郭永林；

【导师】 万健如；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着高层建筑日益增多,对高性能电梯的电力拖动系统要求越来越高,电梯专用变频器应运而生。同时,由于永磁同步电机具有转矩控制简单、体积小、效率高等优点,逐渐成为新型电梯拖动系统发展的主流。本文在深入研究相关理论基础上,设计了一套电梯专用永磁同步电机变频器实验平台。根据电机矢量控制原理分析永磁同步电机(PMSM)的数学模型,在MATLAB中建立基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法的变频电机控制系统模型。将广义预测控制应用于电流环节,构成预测PI电流调节器。一方面利用广义预测控制滚动优化、反馈校正的特点,克服系统中由于传感器检测、算法运行等引起的滞后时间影响;另一方面结合PI控制器算法简单、可靠性高且工程应用比较成熟的优点。仿真结果表明当参数调整合适时,预测PI调节器的控制性能优于单纯PI调节器。提出一种基于滑模变结构观测器的无位置传感器控制策略。通过检测电机相电流并转化到两相静止α-β坐标系,根据电机电磁方程式构造滑模变结构观测器,推导出转速和转子位置的估计值。理论分析和仿真试验表明:电机起动阶段,转速估算值跟随性较好;运行阶段的速度估算收敛性较快,具有较强的抗负载扰动能力,系统鲁棒性提高。根据逆变器的输出参考电压矢量和电机相电流的符号对死区进行补偿。首先判断电流方向,确定死区电压矢量的电平;其次由给定参考电压矢量确定所需补偿相,并与死区电压矢量合成得到校正后的参考电压矢量。仿真实验证明该方法对转矩和电流都有很好的补偿效果。采用电机专用数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407A为控制核心,进行相关硬件设计,构成一套电梯专用变频器。更多还原

【Abstract】 Elevator special inverter occurs along with the increases of buildings. It satisfies the demand of electric power drag system used in high performance elevators. At the same time, permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) becomes the mainstream of new elevator drag system for its advantages such as simply torque control, small bulk and high efficiency. A suit of elevator special inverter experimental platform is designed based on lucubrating in corresponding theories.Mathematical model of PMSM is analyzed with vector control principle of motor, and then the frequency conversion motor control system model is built in Matlab based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM).Generalized predictive control (GPC) is applied in current circuit to form predictive- PI (PPI) adjuster. GPC has the characters of roll optimization and feedback revise, so it can overcome the effect of lag time arose from sensor measurement, arithmetic running and so on. PPI combines the merits of GPC and PI. It is easy to build simulation model with simply arithmetic and high reliability. Simulation results indicate that the performance of PPI is better than PI with appropriate parameters. Sensorless control strategy is studied on the basis of sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) observer. First measure the phase currents which are transformed under theα-βcoordinates, then design the SMVS observer based on the motor’s electromagnetic equations to estimate the rotor’s velocity and position. Theoretical analyses and simulation results indicate that the method has better following quality during the startup, faster constringency of velocity estimation and better ability on resisting the disturbances of load, so it can improve the robustness of the system.Dead-time is compensated according to the output reference voltage vector and phase currents. First acquire dead-band voltage by judging the currents’direction, and then confirm the phase to be compensated due to the given reference voltage vector. Simulation results prove that it can compensate torque and current excellently.The elevator special inverter is designed with the core of motor control DSP TMS320LF2407A, combining related hardware.更多还原