【作者】 郭津；

【导师】 张冠伟； 杜青；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 作为机动车的重要组成部分,摩托车所产生的排放污染越来越引起人们的关注。制定并逐步实施严格的排放法规,是控制机动车排放的有效手段。由于历史的原因,目前国际上存在着欧洲、美国、日本等多个排放测试法规体系。从技术经济发展的趋势上看,一个全球统一的摩托车排放技术法规显然非常必要,摩托车的WMTC测试循环正是为满足这种发展趋势而提出的。我国现行的摩托车排放法规是在参照欧洲体系的基础上,结合我国的实际情况制订的。在可预见的将来,接受WMTC测试循环是我国排放法规的发展方向,因此有必要对WMTC测试循环与摩托车中国实际道路之间的行驶特征和排放特征的差异进行深入的研究。研究结果对于正确评价我国摩托车实际道路的排放水平,精确估算我国摩托车的排放因子及大气分担率是非常重要的。设计开发了一套机动车车载实时排放测试系统,该系统由瞬时车速测试系统、瞬时油耗测试系统、瞬时气体排放测试系统、单片机和便携式计算机等组成,可实现机动车实际道路行驶时的瞬时速度、油耗因子和排放因子的测量与处理。选取中国城市有代表性的不同类型的道路,进行摩托车实际道路行驶特征的路谱采集。从摩托车实际道路行驶特征与WMTC测试循环的行驶特征的比较看,两者之间存在着明显的差异。特别是评价准则数体系中的各类速度特征参数,差别尤为明显,表明WMTC测试循环对于中国摩托车实际道路行驶特征的适应性较差。基于所采集的实际道路行驶的路谱数据,获得了一个能够在试验室中再现的,反映中国摩托车实际道路行驶特征的排放测试循环。该循环可在试验室内对摩托车实际道路行驶的排放水平进行准确的评估和分析。进行了摩托车在WMTC测试循环和实际道路测试循环下摩托车排放特征的研究,获得了摩托车在各个循环下排放因子的分布特征及其与行驶特征的关系。研究结果表明,无论是从排放因子的总体特征还是分布特征来看,摩托车在WMTC测试循环下的排放特征与中国摩托车实际道路的排放特征之间都存在明显差别,表明根据WMTC测试循环所获得的排放指标不能真实反映中国摩托车实际道路行驶的排放水平,作为进一步研究摩托车排放大气分担率等的基础,构建一个适合中国情况的、完备的摩托车排放测试循环修正体系显然是必要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a important par of vehicles, the pollutant emission of motorcycles obtain more and more attention all around the world, and it is usually regarded as one of the most effective way to make strict regulation to control the total emission amount of motorcycles. Although there now exist several motorcycle emission regulation systems, such as those of Europe, US and Japan, a worldwide motorcycle emission test cycle is still believed to be needed accordance with the developing trend of technology and economics.The emission regulation now used in China is basically the same as that of Europe, and there’s no doubt that this regulation will be replaced by WMTC (Worldwide Motorcycle Testing Cycle) sometime in the future. From this point of view, it is very important to study the differences between the driving character and emission character of WMTC and real-road driving condition in China. The results will be very useful to the accurate evaluation of the level and the percentage of motorcycle pollutant emission in the atmosphere.An on-board pollutant exhaust measuring system for on-road use of motor vehicles is developed. It basically consists of speed measuring system, fuel consumption measuring system and emission measuring system, as well as a laptop and a microchip. The measuring system enables direct and continuous determination of time trace of vehicle speed, fuel consumption factor and exhaust emission factor.The collection of the raw data, which indicates driving character of the motorcycles on the real-road condition, is carried out in some different types of road in Tianjin and Jinan. From the studying result, it can be seen that there exist great difference between the driving character of WMTC and real-road condition. Obviously, it means that the adaptability of WMTC in China is not so satisfied.Based on the raw data, a testing cycle accordance with the real-road driving character of motorcycle in China is obtained. This cycle can be carried out in laboratory. It can give relatively accurate evaluation and analysis of emission factors of motorcycles.The emissions characters of motorcycle under WMTC and real-road testing cycle are studied in detail, and the distribution property of emission factors, as well as its relationship with the driving property, is also obtained. It can be seen from the results that there’s a great difference between the emission factors of WMTC and real-road testing cycle, which means that the emission factor obtained by WMTC can not give a real evaluation of emission level of motorcycles driving on the real road in China, It is very necessary to establish a perfect modification system for the further study later.更多还原