【作者】 陈黎明；

【导师】 柴立和；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 生物膜是自然界常见的一种生物形态,广泛存在于各种水生环境中、食品工业中和各种管道中,如给水、排水以及工业循环水和冷却水管道;同时广泛应用于各种生化反应操作和污水处理中。生物膜是包含多种微生物的复杂的微生态群落,其中发生着复杂的物理、化学和生物反应,形成一个多层次、多尺度、非线性、非平衡的开放复杂系统。到目前为止,有关生物膜废水处理系统的基础理论仍然相当缺乏。本论文首先提出了一个可用于描述废水处理系统中生物膜形成的动力学模型。通过对模型的理论分析和数值计算,探讨稀释速率、脱落速率、进水浓度、初始接种污泥浓度等因素对生物膜形成和稳定的影响,得到一些有用的结论。这样不仅从深层次的理论上揭示了生物膜废水处理系统的物理机理,而且在工程应用上也有指导意义。生物膜的宏观特性是与其微观动力学特征紧密联系在一起的。微观动力学可以用一个新的原理-最大流原理(一个远离平衡的开放复杂系统总是寻找一种优化过程使得系统在给定的约束或代价下所获得的广义流最大)来描述。因此在最大流原理的指导下,建立了生物膜的微观机理模型,并进行了理论研究。通过该模型能够揭示生物膜分形结构的起源和相应的影响因素。分析了广义流的构成和尺度对分形维数的影响。同时通过该模型解释了分形和多分形的微观起源,为现有的分形理论提供了新的解释途径。本论文最后简要探讨了生物膜微生物细胞内部生物大分子网络的选择,并揭示出了生物膜内部生物大分子网络的一些演化规律,以及生物膜内部大分子相互作用对生物膜结构的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microbial biofilm is a kind of universal biological community, which occurs in a wide variety of aqueous environments, food industry and pipelines, such as pipelines for water supply, drainage, water circulation and cooling water. Microbial biofilms is encountered in various applications, including traditional industrial processes, such as various biochemical operations, wastewater treatment. Biofilms form a very complex biological community as an open, multi-level, multi-scale, nonlinear system far from equilibrium in which many species of microorganisms exist and a variety of complex physical, chemical and biological reactions occur.Fundamental theoretical depiction is still lacked on biofilm wastewater treatment systems up to today. A mathematical model on biofilm wastewater treatment systems, taking account of suspended microorganisms and some factors influencing biofilm formation and stabilization, is developed in the paper. By theoretical and numerical analyses, the factors influencing biofilm formation and stabilization, such as the dilution rate, influent organic concentration, detachment and initial inoculum’s concentration etc, are discussed. Quantitative investigations are carried out and suggestions on industrial applications are then proposed. The paper not only plays an important role on understanding the physical mechanisms of biofilm dynamics, but also has far-reaching implications for industrial practices.Macroscopic characteristic is closely related to the microscopic mechanisms. Microscopic dynamics may be described by maximum flux principle (MFP): an open system far from equilibrium always seeks an optimization process so that the obtained flux from outside is maximal under given prices or constrains. On the basis of MFP, this paper proposes a new non-equilibrium statistical mechanics framework to analyze the interactions among cells and their environment, and the self-organizing formation process of biofilm is elaborated. The paper tries to make a renewed attempt to illustrate the emergence of complexity of the biofilm community and reveal the mechanism of producing macroscopic microbial biofilm pattern from microscopic microbial cells interaction. These studies may not only provide a more reasonable physical description on microbial biofilms, but also find important engineering instructions. Biofilms with a conspicuous hierarchical and fractal structure has been explained by MFP. The influences of component of generalied更多还原