精神损害赔偿制度的有限性法律分析

【作者】 李健；

【导师】 张式军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 从历史发展过程看，中华民族的人文价值追求倾向于精神生活的中庸与和谐，中国悠久的儒家文化则立足于人格情操的纯净与完美，这种文化与道德的取向综合作用于中国历史的发展，就形成了中国法制建设和道德文化对精神利益维护方面的共同的保守而冷淡的历史态度，这是中国的精神损害赔偿制度在法律体系缺失和有限性发展的原因之一。 而现今的现代化社会发展和对人权的普遍强烈追求，迫切需要引进和建塑精神损害赔偿制度。同时，从法的价值和功能层面上，应一并关注该种法律制度在维护稳定、加强司法控制和稳妥推进本土化法制建设方面的积极功能，所以设立有限而确定的精神损害赔偿制度应为立法所考虑。从该法律制度自身特性来看，存在着“精神”作为一种人格权益在内涵上的丰富多元性与法律设计能力的有限性冲突，精神损害事实的多样性表征与法律规范认定的有限性冲突，赔偿心理的高期待价位与精神赔偿量化的有限性冲突等等，所以虽然各国都在逐步确认精神利益的法律存在，但其法律制度的发育和成长因国情、文化、法制建设的地区追求和“精神”内在的不可确定性等种种因素牵制，不能一蹴而就，一概而论。关于精神损害赔偿的立法态度应该是科学而理智的，必要的司法控制手段来确保精神损害赔偿法律制度的有限性，是遏制精神损害赔偿制度“软骨病”的良方。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the development process of history, Chinese nation has been hankering human culture value to be inclined to balance and harmonious, on the other hand long-standing Confucian Culture is base on pure and perfect personality sentiment. Such kind of orientation with combination of culture and morality affect the history development of Chinese history, its consequent result is conservative and irresponsive attitude coming into being, such attitude concerns considerably with maintaining inspirit benefit by Chinese legal system building and culture development, that’s also one of the reason that missing of spirit injuring compensation from Chinese legal system and also caused limit development.Now due to society development and strong seeking for human rights, and there is demanding to introduce and build spirit injuring compensation system. At the same time, on the side of value and function of laws, attention shall be put on positive functions of this system on maintaining stabilization, strengthening judicature and reliably pushing native legal system construction, so setting up limit and clearing spirit injuring compensation system shall be considered by legislation.Due to own special characteristic of this system, there is limit collisions between law design ability and extensive meaning of personality and rights which is so-called Spirit; between extensive displaying manners of actual compensate facts and scope assigned by law system; between expected level of compensate mind and actual limitation of compensating value, etc.Though all countries gradually confirm existence of spirit benefit, development of relative system has been restrained due to different culture, country situation and uncertainty of inside content of Spirit, it should be set up gradually, unable to be using one same standard. About legislation attitude of spirit injuring compensation, it shall be scientific and rational; necessary更多还原