论舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的法律问题

【作者】 于红；

【导师】 王丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 民商法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着因舆论监督而引发的侵害名誉权纠纷日益增多，舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的关系问题已成为新闻界、法学界关注的焦点。目前我国对于新闻舆论监督尚缺乏法律的有力支持和规制，相比较而言，名誉权无论是从理论上还是立法、司法实践上，都已相对成熟。法律对舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的冲突、对媒体的舆论监督是否实施有效保护和规范的相关法律制度处于明显的滞后状态。学理和司法实践中已逐渐开始关注并重视新闻媒体舆论监督这一公共职能的发挥，相关司法案例也为新闻媒体在名誉权纠纷中的合理定位确定了一些基本理念。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，结合新闻实务、司法实务中遇到的问题，在深入分析我国新闻侵害名誉权现状的基础上，解析了新闻舆论监督、名誉权保护及与之相关的法律问题，重点阐述了新闻舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的冲突与平衡，认为二者发生冲突的原因主要在于二者存在着权利交叉重叠，舆论监督在价值取向上侧重于社会公共利益，而名誉权则更侧重于个人利益及其个人在私生活中的自主权。名誉权和舆论监督的冲突在很大程度上实际是一种“价值冲突”：其次是因为我国相关法律规定原则性太强，缺乏可操作性；法律保障环节薄弱所致。同时在对各国利益衡量理论进行梳理的基础上认为，现阶段我国在面临舆论监督与名誉权发生冲突时，应本着我国既保护舆论监督又保护名誉权的原则和精神，把新闻舆论监督和名誉权放在现实的社会背景及法律的宏观价值取向中，采用“利益平衡理论”，进行相应的权利取舍；文章在第三部分详细分析了正确区分正当舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的界限，指出必须注意三个方面：第一，科学认识新闻侵害名誉权的表现，是正确区分正当舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的基础：第二，严格限定新闻侵害名誉权的构成要件，是正确区分正当舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的关键；第三，明确规定新闻媒体的抗辩事由，是正确区分正当舆论监督与新闻侵害名誉权的保障。同时，文章从立法、执法、程序等方面提出了新闻舆论监督法治化的一系列思考：加速新闻法及相关法律的出台，建立一种有效的立法保障机制；通过民法典或最高人民法院的司法解释完善有关名誉权的法律规定：加强程序化建设，为实现新闻舆论监督正当化奠定基础；加大执法力度，为进一步加大新闻舆论监督力度提供保障；避免司法活动与新闻舆论监督过于“亲密接触”，建立新闻舆论监督与司法独立的良性互动关系等。以期能对当前的新闻实践、司法实践提供有益的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the dramatic increase in the number of disputes that supervision by public opinion infringes upon right of honour, the question of relation between supervision by public opinion and media infringing upon right of honour has been a focus that the press and the law circle pay close attention to in recent years. At present,in comparision with that the supervision by public opinions is lack of strong support and regulation of law ,whether in terms of the theory or in the practice of legislation and judicature, right of honour has been relevantly well-considered.However,The relevant legal system whether the laws should implement effective protection for conflict between the supervision by public opinions and the press infinging on right of honour still obviously falls behind . The theory in the sphere of learning and the practice of judicature have began to pay close attention to the development of this public function of supervision by media, and the relevant judical cases have defined a lot of basic conceptual knowledges for the rational orientation.On the basis of the achievements in the former study, and combining with the questions in the practice of news and judicalture , This paper profoundly analysizes the current situation that media infringe the rights of honour ;expains supervision by media,the protection of honorary right and relevant question of law in detail , stressly interprets conflict and balance between supervision by public opinion and the press infringing right of honour, and thinks the first reason of the conflict lies in duality of rights between the two sides . In terms of inclination of value, the suprevision by public opinion lays particular emphasis on public interests,On the contrary, right of honour pays more attention to individual advantage and antonomy in private. To a great extent, the conflict between right of honour and supervision by public opinion actualy is conflict of value . What’s more , the conflic between right of honour and supervision by public opinion has a lot to do with that the relevant legal provisions is norm in principle and lack of operating rules. last but not the least, the weak link of legal protection is an important reason. Meanwhile, Basing on sorting out theory of balancing doctrine of interests in other countries ,the article points out that our country should insist on principles and spirits that protect both supervision by public opinion and right of honour, put the conflict between the更多还原