【作者】 虞剑文；

【导师】 江建平； 何宏金；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 企业管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在20世纪90年代,产业集群作为一个研究课题再一次出现在研究领域,要部分归功于波特(1990)的著作《国家竞争优势》的出版,在书中,波特研究了世界各地的产业集群的作用,在这本书出版后,许多国家和地区对产业集群表现出了极大的兴趣,而且相关研究著作也开始问世。在当今的竞争全球化时代,产业集群的区域化在某种程度上有点自相矛盾( Schoonhaven and Romanelli,2001)。人们普遍认为,由于技术的革新和竞争的加剧使得经济传统的地区优势趋向减弱。资源、资本、技术以及其他投入可以在全球市场上非常容易的取得,靠近市场为客户提供服务已经不再显得那么重要,很容易得出选位的重要性在减小的结论。但是,几乎在每个国家、地区、州以及大都市集群的特征却日益明显。因此,继续沿用传统的理论和思路解释产业集群已经显得力不从心。本文试图从制度经济学与演化经济学的角度,并结合经济社会学的一些工具和理论对产业集群的网络化、产业集群的组织特性以及网络组织的制度惰性进行新的跨学科解释。网络组织是本文研究的首要概念工具。按照威廉姆森的观点,网络组织是介于市场与企业组织的中间地带的组织形态的一种。它结合了市场与级层式组织的优点,很好地适应了社会经济环境变化的需要。产业集群是网络组织在一定区域内的定位,与当地的社会网络结合成一种特殊的经济社会网络组织。本文以网络组织的产生、发展、其特点以及制度特性为依据,对产业集群的组织特性、结构、功能以及演化规律进行理论上的分析。本文的第1、2章主要完成两项工作,一是比较系统地介绍了产业集群这一问题的研究历史过程,并对国内外产业集群研究文献进行了比较系统的综述,在此基础上确立本文的研究任务、思路和方法的运用;二是对网络组织的兴起进行理论上的分析,主要是分析网络组织产生的背景,以及运用分工、专业化和市场范围分析了网络组织产生的技术根源和运用制度经济学阐释了网络组织形成的制度动因。这两章的工作主要是以下分析产业集群做好准备工作。第3章主要是借助网络组织的特点和形态对产业集群的组织属性进行理论上的分析。由于产业集群内企业间交易契约的特殊性和竞争与合作的共存形式的更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1990’s, clusters re-emerged as a hot topic for scholarly research in part because of Porter’s (1990) book The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Which examined the role of clusters around the world. After publication of this book, most nations and regions became more interested in clusters and many studies on clusters were published. Geographic clusters in an era of global competition are some what of a paradox (schoonhaven and roan Elli, 2001). It is widely recognized that changes in technology and competition have reduce many of the traditional advantages of location. Resource, capital, and other inputs can easily be sourced in global market. It was no longer necessary to locate near large markets to serve them. It would be easy to conclude that the role of location is diminishing importance. However, clusters are now an ever increasing feature of almost every national, regional, state, and metropolitan economic. So, we can not continually study the clusters only based on the traditional theory and means. On the perspectives of institution economic and evolution economic, this paper analyzed the clusters’networking, the clusters’characters and the institution inertia affecting clusters. Additionally some notions in new economic sociology were utilized in this dissertation.Network is the primary conceptual framework in these studies. According to the Williamson’s view, network is a kind of organization between the market and entrepreneur. It combines the advantages of market and class-type organizations, and well adapts to the changing socio-economic environment. Industry clusters is a network of organizations locating in the region, which combines the local social network into a special economic and social networks. This dissertation analyzed organizational characteristics, structure, function and evolution of industry clusters in a theoretical way based on the generation, development, characteristics and institution identity of the network organization.In Chapters1 and 2 two major tasks were completed. First, the history of industry cluster study was systematically introduced, then the literature of industry clusters. All更多还原