【作者】 刘炎；

【导师】 周智；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 固体力学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着土木工程灾难的不断出现,“结构健康监测”已经成为世界性的研究热点。“结构健康监测”的前提条件是探测结构性态的高性能传感器。光纤布拉格光栅以其准分布式传感、绝对测量、抗腐蚀性强、结构简单、抗干扰性强、易构成传感网络等优点得到全世界的关注,并成为结构健康监测的首选敏感元件。本文从土木工程应用的实际情况出发,基于光纤光栅传感特性研制出两种光纤光栅智能传感器,并将本课题组开发的FRP封装光纤光栅传感器进行了极端环境性能研究,最后在桥梁和大坝结构中进行了实际应用。主要研究工作与成果如下:一、研制开发出一种结构简单、成本低廉、性能可靠并能满足结构长期健康监测的原型封装光纤光栅钢筋计,并对其应变感知特性进行了研究,试验结果表明他们是性能良好的结构应变测试传感器,满足土木工程需要。二、研制开发出能同时测量位移和压力双参量的光纤光栅压力、位移一体化传感器,并通过试验对其压力和位移传感特性进行了研究,结果表明:光纤光栅压力、位移一体化传感器是性能良好的结构压力和位移同时测量用传感器。三、研究了课题组研发的FRP封装光纤光栅应变传感器在不同温度环境下的应变传感性能,以及在循环荷载作用下的疲劳性能。结果表明本课题组研发的FRP封装光纤光栅应变传感器是一种能耐高温和抗疲劳的高性能传感器。四、研究了光纤光栅传感器的布设工艺,并将光纤光栅传感器用于宁波市招宝山大桥和周公宅水库的结构监测工程,监测招宝山大桥主梁在车辆荷载下的应变变化和周公宅水库在蓄水过程中的局部应变变化。结果表明,本课题组研制的光纤光栅传感器及其布设工艺满足结构长期健康监测的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the ceaseless calamities from infrastructures,“Structural Health Monitoring”has been the focus of the researches on disaster prevention and mitigation. The important core and prior conditions of "structural health monitoring" are high-qualified sensors that can detect the structure characteristics. FBG has caught the eyes of the researchers in the world due to its advantage, for example, absolute measure, moisture resistance, strong corrosion resistance, simple structure, good reliability, strong anti-interference and easy to constitute to spread the feeling network, etc. This is why FBG becomes the first choice of sensors for the structural health monitoring. In this paper, from the actual circumstance of the civil engineering, two kinds of FBG sensors have been developed. And the extreme performance of the sensors which were developed by our team was studied, at last they were applied in the structural health monitoring of bridge and big dam. The main work and results are following:Firstly, a prototype-packaged FBG strain sensor for steel rebar was developed with good properties of high durability, low cost and reliable. And its sensing properties under dead load have been tested. The experimental results show good feasibility and advantages of such kind of sensors for steel rebar strain measurement for practical civil infrastructures under harsh conditions.Secondly, a simultaneous load and displacement sensor based on FBG is designed. We have done some researches on the sensing properties of pressure and displacement through the experiments. The results show that the FBG sensor we have designed words well on measuring the pressure and the displacement of the structures simultaneity.Thirdly, the strain property of FRP strain sensors was studied under different temperature circumstances, so is fatigue property under circular load. The results show that FRP strain sensors can resistant high temperature and fatigue.Finally, the installation technique of FBG sensors was studied and then used in the health monitoring projects of Zhaobaoshan bridge and Zhougongzhai reservoir in Ningbo city. We monitored the strain change of the girder under the load of vehicles and part strain change while Zhougongzhai reservoir is in sluice.更多还原