【作者】 曾光；

【导师】 赵华；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国集中供热系统规模稳步增加,人们对城市集中供热的要求已不仅在于供热规模的不断扩大,对于管网系统的优化设计、运行分析及改造等供热技术都提出了更高的要求,必然涉及着管网系统的技术性、节能性和经济性综合问题。长期以来,复杂供热管网的优化设计研究一直是较薄弱的环节,传统的设计方法主要考虑技术指标,往往偏离经济指标很远。为了能有效地提高热水管网的热经济性,本文对枝状管网系统的离散优化设计进行了深入的研究,主要研究内容和成果包括以下几个方面:(1)应用管网系统热经济最优综合设计理论,成功地解决了管网系统技术性、节能性和经济性之间的综合,使所设计的热网,具有运行能耗与初投资综合最小,并具有优良的技术性能。(2)建立了复杂热水管网全局优化设计的数学模型。模型中包括了各种技术经济指标,以离散管径作为决策变量,选定年折算费用作为优化目标函数,兼顾了投资、运行及维护等方面;约束条件中包括了各种技术参数,如压力、流速等水力约束。(3)提出了一种适用于枝状管网系统离散优化设计的算法—逐次逼近优化算法,本算法引入投资运行差额率与优化差额率的概念,提出无约束优化管网思想,来体现工程实在节能潜力,并有效夹挤与调整管径边界,大大缩短了目标函数收敛的计算时间,可以快速完成各种参数确定和约束条件的处理,解决了搜索算法大规模寻优操作时各种参数计算的时间问题,从而使其在枝状管网系统中具有实用性。(4)以实例计算,应用逐次逼近优化算法与传统算法分别进行设计计算,得出的年折算费用进行比较,分析逐次逼近优化算法对实际工程的参考价值。采用电价、热价、管网基建费用、投资效果系数和管网折旧维修率为敏感性因素,通过敏感性分析,得出各因素对年折算费用的影响程度,为工程人员设计提供参考价值。(5)在理论分析的基础上,编制了枝状管网离散优化设计软件,本软件可用于任意枝状管网的优化设计和计算已建管网年投资费用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The scope of district heat-supply network is increased steadily in China, and human not only demand the scope, but also require optimization for the design, operational analysis, and improvement of piping, it is necessary to combine the consideration of technology, energy and economy. For a long time, the optimal design of complicated ring-shaped heat-supply network has been a feeble tache, The traditional design only satisfied the needs of technology but dissatisfied the needs of economy. In order to improve therm-ecomomy of piping system, the discrete optimization for the design for tree-shaped heat-supply network has been deeply researched by the author of this paper. The main contents and research results are outlined as following:Firstly, the theory of optimal therm-economic synthetical design of a piping system has been proposed. This theory solves successfully the synthetical problem among technology, energy and economy of piping, and solves successfully the coupling problem between the layout structure optimization and the parameter optimization. Adopting the theory the designed piping have the property of minimum of energy loss and cost, as well as excellent technical quality.Secondly, it built a mathematic model about the whole optimal design of complicated heat-supply network. The model included diversified technical and economic targets, it regards the discrete pipe diameter as the decision-making variable and choose the year-conversion expense as the optimal objective function, at the same time, it also takes into account the side of investment, circulation and management. Constrained conditions included diversified parameters, i.e. pressure constrain and velocity constrain.Thirdly, it advanced a algorithm that applies the discrete optimization for the design for tree-shaped heat-supply network—approach inch by inch algorithm. Two new parameters about difference ratio between investment and operation, optimal difference ratio and a new concept about unconstraint are introduced, to express potential capability of energy conservation, and to adjust the bound of diameter back and forth to shorten the time of convergence.更多还原