【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 吕炳南； 赫俊国；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 市政工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 活性污泥/生物膜工艺是将活性污泥法和生物膜法两个污水处理基本方法有机结合的一种污水处理新技术。将活性污泥/生物膜工艺应用于生活污水的处理,对于缓解目前水资源短缺、解决供需水矛盾,实现水的循环利用,具有重要的现实意义。但是系统的研究活性污泥/生物膜工艺内微生物特性的较少,在低温下研究系统内微生物的特性变化更是一个空白。本文正是在这一背景下提出,针对目前活性污泥/生物膜工艺存在的问题,以生活污水做为处理对象,对系统在北方地区运行过程中反应器内的微生物特性变化开展了较为深入系统的研究。研究结果表明:在常温条件下,随着回流比的加大,系统总氮的去除率随之增大,COD在缺氧段的去除率也随之增加。在低温条件下,随着反应系统回流比的增大,活性污泥、生物膜浓度以及活性都随着回流比的增大而增加。系统内生物量的上升,导致系统有机负荷的降低,所以活性污泥和生物膜的活性呈下降的趋势。而在低温条件下,活性污泥的整体活性和生物膜维持在一个较为稳定的状态下。但是与常温下微生物的活性相比,微生物的活性下降的很多,活性污泥与生物膜的变化不再有相关性。温度对微生物的数量影响很显著,随着温度的降低,微生物的数量和活性都有所降低。利用扫描电镜分析手段,对比了常温、低温运行状况下复合式生物处理系统内部微生物相的特性。结果表明:常温条件下,系统内活性污泥生物膜内微生物相丰富,而低温状况下,活性污泥内丝状菌滋生,生物膜大量脱落,但是生物膜的存在保证了系统在低温状况下的处理效率。因为系统的有机负荷降低,有利于硝化细菌的生长,所以无论是活性污泥上的还是生物膜上的硝化细菌数量和活性均随回流比的增加而增加,生物膜上的硝化细菌的数量和活性均高于活性污泥上的。低温条件下,无论是对于活性污泥还是生物膜,硝化细菌的数量和活性也随着回流比的上升而上更多还原

【Abstract】 Activated sludge/biofilm process represents a renewable process with the combination of activated sludge process and biofilm process. Applying activated sludge/biofilm process for treatment of domestic wastewater captures the benefits in terms of releasing water source shortage, solving the conflicts between water supply and demand as well as realizing recycling uses of water resource. However, little is currently studied on the characteristics of microorganisms in activated sludge/biofilm process, particularly on the natures of bacteria at low temperature. Therefore, in order to put forward the solution to the problems related to hybrid biological sytem, this study mainly focused on intensive investigations on the characteristics of miroorganisms in the reactor using domestic wastewater as influent.The results demonstrated that at normal-temperature conditions, both total nitrogen removal efficiency and COD elimination efficiency in anoxic stage increased when recirculation ratio was increased. At low-temperature conditions, concentration and activity of activated sludge and biofilm were found to increase with the increase of recirculation ratio.The activity of suspended sludge and biofilm were observed to decrease due to the increase of the amounts of biomass, thus decrease of organic loading in the system. At low-temperature conditions, overall activity of suspended sludge and biofilm was sustained to be at a relative stable state. Nevertheless, in comparison with that at normal-temperature condition, the activity of bacteria showed a sharp decrease, and no relationship between suspended sludge and biofim was found. Temperature had a significant affection on the amounts of microorganisms, that was both the amounts and activity of bacteria was decreased when temperature decreased.Making use of the SEM method, the characters of microorganism in the hybrid biofilm treatment system were compared. The results were that, the bacteria face of the activated sluge and biofilm is plentifulat the common temperature. And at the low temperature, the filament increased significantly in the activated sludge and the biofilm detached but the existence of biofilm guaranteed the treatment更多还原