【作者】 张华；

【导师】 胡敏强； 金龙；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 电机与电器， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 超声波电机是以压电陶瓷逆压电效应激发的超声振动为驱动力,通过定转子间摩擦力耦合来驱动转子运动的一类非电磁电机。小型柱体超声波电动机以其体积小、结构简单、不用粘接等独特优点在小型化精密控制领域占有一席之地,是具有广阔市场前景的超声波电机之一。对小型柱体超声波电动机结构进行深入研究,探索可能的新型结构对其发展有着重要意义。同时要发挥超声波电机出色的控制性能,还要有与之相配套的驱动控制电源。在以上背景下,本文设计了一种自由-轴支结构的小型柱体超声波电动机,并研制了与之配套的小型化驱动控制器。本文首先回顾了超声波电机的发展历史和小型柱体超声波电动机在国内外的研究现状,确定了本文的研究内容。然后介绍了压电陶瓷的特性和柱体超声波电动机的运行机理,着重讨论了自由-轴支结构小型柱体超声波电动机的工作原理,对定子表面质点的运动状况进行了推导。在建立定转子有限元模型基础上,对定转子结构进行了模态分析、谐响应分析和接触分析,计算了影响定子振动的结构参数,确定了合理的定转子尺寸,对所设计方案进行了样机试制。对样机进行了扫频测试、空载转速特性测试、空载阻抗特性测试以及堵转测试,试验数据表明样机具有一定的使用价值。本文总结了常用超声波电机驱动电路的工作原理和特点,设计了基于AT89C2051CPU的小型化驱动控制电路,实现了所设计小型柱体超声波电动机的闭环驱动控制,在驱动器小型化方面做了有益的探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ultrasonic motor(USM) utilizes the converse piezoelectric effect and the friction coupling operation between stator and rotor to drive, as is quite different from traditional electro-magnetic motor. Miniature cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic motors play a notable part in accurate control fields for their merits of small volume, simpleness of structure and no cementation that have made them good market prospects. Hence, it is significant to explore novel structure of miniature cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic motors. Furthermore, drive circuit is important to exert excellent control capability of the motor.In this dissertation, a novel miniature piezoelectric ultrasonic motor of free-shaft fixed structure using circular bending vibration modes is introduced in detail. Meanwhile design scheme of miniature drive circuit of AT89C2051 micro controller unit (MCU) is described.Firstly, history of USM and research on miniature cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic motor is briefly reviewed, as well as the content and purpose of this dissertation. Secondly, characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic are introduced, the operation mechanism of miniature cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic motor is also discussed. And than, the finite element analysis (FEA) mode of stator and rotor is deduced, optimized structure dimensions of stator and rotor are calculated by FEA software. Influencing factors of stator vibrations are investigated here and helpful conclusions are made. Prototype motors are made, the input impedance and speed character tests are done, as is locked-rotor tests. Tests data indicate possible practical applications of the prototype motor.Fianlly, commonly used drive circuits of USM are summarized and a design scheme of miniature drive circuit of AT89C2051 micro controller unit (MCU) is presented.更多还原