【作者】 张晓东；

【导师】 冯恩学；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 元代是中国历史上重要的民族迁徙与融合时期,由于民族传统和宗教信仰的差异,使元代墓葬呈现数量巨大、地域特征明显、各民族墓葬又面貌各异的特点。本文以国内考古工作中发现的蒙元时期墓葬为基础材料,从中梳理、确认了一批墓葬为蒙古人墓葬,再系统总结蒙古墓的特征及演变。由于此前没有人做过类似的研究,因此本文主要围绕以下主题依次叙述。第一、以较大篇幅从蒙元时期墓葬中将蒙古人墓葬整理出来并加以确认,再蒙古墓的发现地域和各自特征入手,将蒙古墓分为采用蒙古人传统葬俗的墓葬、采用汉地葬俗同时又保留部分蒙古人传统和完全采用汉俗的墓葬三组。第二、以蒙古墓中壁画布局、题材的变化为依据将蒙古墓分为蒙古汗国时期、元代早期和元代晚期共三期,并判断各个墓葬的期属。第三、在分组和分期基础上,分别总结每组墓葬的形制、装饰及随葬品特征与演变,并简单探讨蒙古人葬俗的汉化问题。通过对蒙古汗国和元朝时期的蒙古人墓葬的综合考查和系统归纳,可以比较清楚地了解每组蒙古墓的特点和族别上的区分标准,为日后的考古发掘和深入研究提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aricle is on Mongolian tombs of Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty excavated in china. The paper bases on burial materils of Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty discovered by archaeological dig, simultaneously absorbes domestic and foreign research, analyzes and confirmes a batch of tombs, and then, divides these tombs into three group and summarizes their character of type、decoration and burial relices. The paper also discusses burial customs’localization briefly. This essay expects to provide a standard to judge other Mongolian tombs and be helpful for further archaeological excavation and further study.The first part of the paper introduces briefly discovery and research on Mongolian tombs of Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty. Section Two accurates the judgemental standard of each kind of Mongolian tomds, then identifies and introduces more than 20 pieces of Mongolian tombs. Section Three divides these Mongolian tombs into three group according to different feature and areas.Section Four divides these tombs into three successive periods, namely Mongol Empire Period (1213AD---1271AD)、Early Yuan Period (1271AD----1312AD)and Late Yuan Period (1312AD---1368AD), and then analyzes and confirms separately which period each tomb belong to.Section Five divides these tombs into 5 types and 13sub-types, and analyzes their typological character.Section Six summarizes the mural layout、mural painting and character of pseudo-timber structure.Section Seven analyzes burial relices of Mongolian tombs. Finally, the essay disccuses the evolution of Mongolian burial customs.The comparison and analysis in different phases not only shows the judgemental standards and feature of each kind of Mongolian tomb, but also get the following conclusion that under the influence of Han culture, the pace of burial customs’localization of each group of Mongol is inconsistent, but the tendency is consistent with the process of national integration.更多还原