【作者】 徐婷婷；

【导师】 朱门添；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 社会保障学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 世界各国逐步进入老龄化社会，老龄化带来的养老、社会保障、老年医疗护理等诸多问题已经使许多国家、并将使更多的国家面临沉重的社会压力。 我国是一个人口大国，随着社会、经济水平不断提高，人口平均寿命不断提高，特别是二十世纪70年代末计划生育政策的开始实施，人口老龄化问题将更为突出。现实中，老人照顾一般由家庭、主要是中年人承担。中年人不仅要赡养老人，同时也要抚养下一代，而且还担任着工作的主要职责，这使得老人照顾产生大量的问题。再加上老年人身体机能的衰退，医疗费用的不断攀升以及医疗保险的保障不足，给家庭带来了经济负担，给社会带来了负面影响。家庭结构小型化、空巢老人也越来越多。老年人不仅在生活上需要帮助，在精神上也需要得到慰藉。 二十世纪70年代，西方发达国家和日本等国为了解决人口老龄化所带来的一系列社会和经济问题，建立了老年护理保险，取得了良好的效果。老年护理保险体系是一种为老年人提供生活服务和精神慰藉的护理保险，它能够缓解人口老龄化所带来的社会和经济负担。 目前，我国对于老年护理保险的研究还不够系统和完善，本文力图通过借鉴国外老年护理保险的成功经验和教训，在研究本国具体国情的情况下，通过不同对象、不同需求的差异分析，构建可供选择的水平不一的且相互配合、补充的多层次、多形式的护理保险及服务体系。具体构想是通过法定护理保险、储蓄性护理保险、社区护理保险和商业护理保险来建立这种多层次、可供选择的满足不同人群需要的护理保险体系。 本文分为四个部分，第一部分介绍了国内外关于老年护理的研究现状和在这领域取得的成就，以及选题的意义和背景。 第二部分论述人口老龄化社会的到来及其引发的一系列社会问题，老年护理的内涵以及老年护理在解决人口老龄化所带来的社会问题中的作用。 第三部分详细介绍了国外实行老年护理保险经验与教训。国外老年护理的两种基本类型，一种是以德国和日本为代表的法定护理保险体系，另一种是以美国为代表的商业护理保险体系。两种不同类型的老年护理保险在实践的操作过程中各有利弊，我们要结合自身的国情，取其精华，为我所用。 第四部分对我国实行老年护理保险进行了可行性分析以及存在的障碍。力图通过借鉴国外老年护理保险的成功经验和教训，在研究本国具体国情的情况下，通过不同对象、不同需求的差异分析，构建可供选择的水平不一的且相互配合、补充的多层次、多形式的护理保险及服务体系。具体构想是通过法定护理保险、更多还原

【Abstract】 The countries all over the world enter the aging society progressively , living out many problems such as retirement, social security , old medical treatment and so on that make more countries face the heavy social pressure.Our country is a large country in population, with the constant improvement of the society, the economic level, the population average life span, especially the beginning that planned the one-child policy at the end of the seventies of the 20th century is being implemented, the aging population question will be more outstanding . In reality, the old man looks after generally by the family , mainly undertaken by middle-aged person. The middle-aged person not only wants to support the old man but also raise the future generation at the same time, but also take on the main duty of the work, it produces a large number of questions that it makes old man look after. Combining with the decline of body functions of old people, the constant soaring of the hospitalization cost and guarantee of the medical insurance are insufficient, has brought the financial burden to family and the negative effect to society. The family’s structure of empty nest has more and more too. Old people are not only in need of help in life, but also needs to get consolation on spirit.The seventies of the 20th century, in order to solve a series of societies and economic problems that aging population has brought, western developed countries and Japan that have set up the insurance of nursing for the aged, which has made the good result. Nursing insurance system is one kind to offer service and spirit for the old, it can alleviate the population and financial burden.At present, our country is not enough for the system and perfect to the research of the insurance of nursing for the aged, this text tries hard to study the successful experience and lesson of the foreign insurance of nursing for the aged for reference, in case of studying the concrete national conditions of our country , through the difference analysis of different target, different demand, structure suitable for choosing level one and cooperate , supplementary multi-level , multi-form nursing insurance and service system each other. The concrete idea is through attending to the insurance legally , saving nursing insurance , community attend to the insurance and commerce and attend to the insurance to set up this kind multi-level , suitable for choosing and meet the crowd need.更多还原