【作者】 陆维维；

【导师】 黄腾； 黄张裕；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前GPS的发展趋势表明，动态定位比静态定位具有更加广阔的应用天地，而只有载波相位差分技术才能满足实时高精度定位的要求。因此，积极开展动态定位理论的研究，解决GPS动态载波相位测量技术中的关键问题，对进一步拓展GPS技术的应用有重要意义。 本文在分析讨论GPS载波相位测量误差来源及动态系统可靠性理论的基础上，研究了载波相位动态定位中整周模糊度确定、周跳探测与修复的问题，同时探讨了RTK测量技术及在线路工程测量中的应用。主要内容如下： (1)论述了GPS观测中的各种误差来源和影响规律，分析了载波相位观测值差分形式和双频载波相位观测值线性组合及应用特点，并讨论了载波相位动态相对定位的差分改正方法以及坐标转换等问题。 (2)深入研究了动态系统的可靠性和粗差探测方法，把粗差探测算法应用于GPS动态定位系统，并用试验验证了算法的有效性。 (3)讨论了整周模糊度实时解算方法(OTF)，分析了加速模糊度搜索的方法。分析了双频P码伪距法、模糊度函数法、最小二乘搜索法、模糊度协方差法的原理，并总结了它们各自的优缺点和适用范围。在此基础上探讨了一种改进的整周模糊度动态快速解算方法，这种方法结合了最小二乘分组搜索方法和整数高斯变换方法，减少了备选整周模糊度的组合数，并通过采用4种检验方法来剔除不正确的模糊度组合，从而能以较短的时间和较高的可靠性解算出正确的整周模糊度。 (4)探讨了周跳探测检测量的构造，分析了用于GPS动态定位的双差检测量、电离层残差检测量和载波伪距组合检测量的数学模型和应用特点。深入研究了高次差法、多项式拟合法、电离层残差法和伪距载波相位组合法等4种周跳探测与修复方法的数学模型，并从采样率的角度出发，用算例对这4种方法探测和修复周跳的能力进行了分析，总结了它们的应用特点。 (5)阐述了RTK技术的原理、作业模式和系统构成，全面分析了影响RTK作业精度的各种因素，并讨论用相应的方法来消除或减弱这些因素的影响。探讨了RTK在线路工程测量中的应用情况，并用实例进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays the development trend of GPS shows that kinematic positioning has more applications than static positioning, but only carrier phase differential GPS (CDGPS) can fulfill precise real-time positioning’s demands. Therefore, it is very important to develop kinematic positioning theory to solve the sixty-four-dollar problems in kinematic GPS carrier phase measurements.Based on the analysis on the sources of errors in GPS carrier phase measurements and the dynamic system reliability theory, the problems of ambiguity resolution and cycle slips detection and repair in kinematic positioning with carrier phase are reached in this paper. At the same time GPS RTK surveying technique and its application in route engineering survey are discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows:1. The sources and the influence rules of GPS observation errors are expounded. The differences of carrier phase observations, the linear combinations of dual-frequency carrier phase observations and their characteristics are analyzed. The problems of the differential correction technique in kinematic relative positioning with carrier phase and the coordinate transformation are also studied.2. After the dynamic system’s reliability and gross error detecting method are lucubrated, the gross error detecting algorithm is applied to the GPS kinematic positioning system and an experiment is given out to illustrate its validity.3. The methods of ambiguity revolution on-the-fly are discussed and the ways and means to accelerate ambiguity searching are studied. The principles of the M-W, the AFM, the LSAST and the ambiguity covariance method are investigated and their merits, shortcomings and applicability are concluded. Based on this a developed algorithm for fast ambiguity resolution on-the-fly is discussed. This algorithm makes use of the least-square searching and integer Gaussian transform to reduce the number of ambiguity candidates, and eliminates the incorrect ambiguity candidates by four testing methods. By this way the correct integer ambiguity could be get in a short time and high reliability.4. The setting-up and applying characters of different testing quantities for cycle slips including the double-difference phase, the geometry-free phase combination and the pseudo-range minus phase linear combination which are usually used in GPS kinematic positioning are discussed. The mathematic models of four cycle slips detecting and repairing methods including the higher difference method, the更多还原