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现代医学伦理原则的探析与构建
The Construction Modern Medical Ethics Principle Theories System
【作者】 刘剑;
【导师】 余玉花;
【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 马克思主义理论, 2006, 硕士
【摘要】 随着现代医学、生物学、生命科学的飞速发展,以及高新生物医学技术在医学和非医学领域的广泛运用,医学伦理学在进一步地延伸与扩展。它以生命为中心,不仅关注医疗领域中的病人,而且还面对整个社会的人群,从生殖、生育、医疗卫生保健、公共卫生政策、人与周围的环境关系,直到临终、死亡等所引发的种种伦理问题进行探讨。但是在目前医学伦理的研究中,存在由于对实践的关注而在一定程度上忽视了理论探讨的问题。事实上无论是医学伦理讨论还是医学伦理实践都离不开理论的指导,它是现代医学伦理实践的前提。世界上各种不同的伦理学思想和理论流派都强有力的影响着医学实践活动,在现代医学和生命科学技术交互会通的场域中,所形成的医学伦理基本原则被视作医学伦理学规定和评估医疗行为的基本理由。医学伦理的原则规范体系吸纳和运用了哲学、伦理学以及其他学科的理论,有着深厚的伦理文化或道德哲学支持,是医学伦理学的基本内容。本文试图对医学伦理学的理论及其功能本身做一番认真的思考,着重对有关人类医学的实践原则和规范展开讨论,并对其建设寻求强有力的理论支撑。 第一部分,首先对医学伦理学原则的历史资源(贝尔蒙报告的三原则、比彻姆,丘卓斯的四原则论、恩格尔哈特提出的二原则论)进行了考察,摸清这些原则背后的理论渊源。贝尔蒙报告提出了尊重人(Respect for persons);有利(Beneficent);正义(Justice)三项原则,该报告主要针对牵涉人类受试者研究当中的保护问题提出了三条指导原则,这可能是西方医学伦理学界对原则的最早阐释;医学伦理学“四原则说”出自于1989年出版的《生物医学伦理学原则》一书,此书为美国著名生命伦理学家比彻姆和丘卓斯(又译查尔瑞斯)合著。这部著作明确提出和阐释了后来在全世界造成极大影响的“四大原则”,即自主原则、不伤害原则、行善原则、公正原则;生命伦理学“二原则说”,由恩格尔哈特(H.T.Engelhardt)在《生命伦理学的基础》、《生命伦理学与世俗人文主义》等著作中提出和阐述。他认为,允许(允诺)原则和行善原则是生命伦理学的基本原则。 第二部分对于这些医学伦理原则中的冲突及其原因予以认真的分析和研究,找出他们在研究方法上,理论上和伦理精神等方面存在的不足和缺陷。主要表现在:一是这几种原则论设计事实上并没有建立一种跨文化的理论体系,他们有一
【Abstract】 Along with development of the modern medical science, biology, life science, and extensive usage of high biomedical science and technology in medical science and non- medical science realm, the medical ethics has been extend and expand in the further. It take life as the center, carries on the study of various ethics problems not only paying attention to the patient in medical treatment, but also facing the whole crowd of society, from procreation, reproduction, medical health care, public health policy, person and the factors of circumstance, until death, dying that etc. But in currently medical ethics research, the problem existence because of the concern of the fulfillment but neglected that theories inquiry in some degree. In fact, we can not get away from the theories leading when we do the medical ethics discussion and practices. It is the premise of modern medical ethics practice. Various different ethics thoughts and theory genres in the world affect the medical science fulfillment activity powerfully. In modern medical science and the life science technique, the basic principle of the medical ethics has been regarded basic reason as the provision and valuation to the medical behavior. The principle and criterion system of western medical ethics absorbs and uses philosophy, ethics and other subjects to deduce and explain these principles, with deep ethics culture or the morals philosophy supports, is basic theories frame of medical ethics.In this article, we try to do earnest thinking of theories and functions of medical ethics, emphasizing to launch the discussion to the fulfillment of medical science principle and criterion, and look for the powerful theories to prop up its construction. At the first part, carry on the investigation to the history resources of medical ethics principles (Three principles in Belmont’s report, Beauchamp and Childress’s four principles, Engelhardt’s two principles); manage about the theories
【Key words】 medical ethics; medical ethics principles; medical humanitarianism;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 华东师范大学 【网络出版年期】2007年 03期
- 【分类号】R-052
- 【被引频次】9
- 【下载频次】1969