【作者】 刘强；

【导师】 杨凤林；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 使用废水生物处理技术的100余年来，生物处理技术也在不断地发展进步。膜生物反应器是将膜技术与生物反应器组合使用的废水处理新工艺，近年发展迅速。膜曝气生物反应器（membrane aeration biofilm reactor，MABR）属于膜生物反应器的一种。 本课题对以煤基微孔碳管为组件的碳膜曝气膜生物反应器（MABR）处理生活污水进行实验研究。膜组件—微孔碳膜同时起到生物膜载体和无泡曝气的双重作用。其传质的特殊之处在于氧气和营养物分别从生物膜的两侧进入膜内，因而生物膜内部存在明显的溶解氧和底物的浓度梯度。这一特点使得MABR可以实现同步硝化反硝化（synchronous nitrification and denitrification，SND）。 本实验进行430d，对碳膜曝气膜生物反应器（MABR）脱氮和去除COD（chemical oxygen demand）的性能作考察。并分阶段对溶解氧（dissolved oxygen，DO）、碳氮比（C／N）、进水浓度、水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time，HRT）、曝气压力以及冲击负荷等参数对系统性能的影响进行了实验研究并取得了较好的结果。 研究表明，溶解氧为0.8mg·L^-1，HRT为8h，C／N为4～5的条件可以认为是本反应器的最佳操作参数，可以获得总氮（TN）的最佳去除效果，NH₃-N，TN和COD去除率分别为95.34％，83.50％和72.82％。NH₃-N的去除率随DO的升高而增大，去除率可达99.8％，但更高的溶解氧(＞1.6mg·L^-1)对去除率影响甚微。C／N对反硝化率和生物膜传质有显著影响，过低则反硝化缺乏碳源，过高则传质困难。系统在较高进水负荷下性能稳定，对冲击负荷有很好的耐受力。对于持续0.5HRT的2倍冲击负荷始终保持原处理效果的90％以上，并在1 HRT之后完全恢复原处理效果。系统容积负荷可达到0.258kg NH₃-N m^-3 d^-1，0.920kg COD m^-3 d^-1。说明本MABR系统有良好的同步硝化反硝化的脱氮能力和较高负荷下的污水处理能力。同时，对碳膜的污染及其控制也做了一定研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biologic treatment technology keeps progressing since it was used 100 years ago. Membrane bio-reactors （MBRs） are new technology which combine the membrane technology and bio-reactor and developed rapidly in recent years. Membrane aeration biologic reactor （MABR） belongs to the Membrane bio-reactors.The treatment of municipal wastewater by a membrane aeration biologic reactor （MABR） made of coal-based carbon tube membrane was studied in laboratory scale in this study. The carbon membrane acts as biofilm carrier and bubbleless aeration device at the same time. Its special character of transmission lies in that ammoniate, organic carbon and oxygen supplied from opposite side of membrane penetrate into biofilm. This character makes MABR can achieve synchronous nitrification and denitrification.The experiment carried out for 430 days to study nitrification, denitrification and simultaneous organic carbon removal performance of carbon membrane MABR. And the impact to system for different dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration was studied, ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen （C/N）, influent concentration, hydraulic retention time （HRT）, aeration press and concussion loading rates was made and achieve some good results.Study suggests that the condition of dissolved oxygen 0.8 mg-L"1, hydraulic retention time 8 h and ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen 4～5 can be consider as the best parameter of the bio-reactor system. And in this operating condition, the removal efficiency of NH3-N, TN and COD were 95.34%, 83.50%and 72.82% respectively. The removal efficiency of NH₃-N was enhanced with DO rising and the efficiency could achieve 99.8%. But it did less effects when DO was more than 1.6 mg-L^-1. The ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen （C/N） does effect on denitrification and substance transmission of biofilm. A low ratio will result in lack of carbon resource for denitrification and a high ratio will result in difficulty of material transmission for biofilm excess increased. The system is steady when loading rates is high and it has a good capacity for shock loading rates. It keeps more than 90% of former efficiency when loading rates is doubled for 0.5 HRT and recovered completely after 1 HRT. The removal loading rates can be 0.258 kg NH3-N m^-3 d^-1, 0.920 kg COD m^-3 d^-1. In conclusion, this membrane aeration biologic reactor （MABR） made of coal-based carbon tube membrane has excellent capacity in nitrogen removal of synchronous nitrification and更多还原