【作者】 张保庭；

【导师】 李廷举；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 自1991年多壁碳纳米管和1993年单壁碳纳米管发现以来，碳纳米管由于具有独特的结构特性、物理特性和化学特性而成为当前纳米材料研究领域的热点之一，具有广泛的应用前景。可以推测，随着人们对碳纳米管认识和应用的不断深入，它有可能对人类未来的生活产生深刻的影响。因此碳纳米管的发现被认为是二十世纪末最重要的发现之一。目前在碳纳米管研究领域仍然存在很多问题。不能大量制备高质量的碳纳米管便是其中之一，尤其是单壁碳纳米管的大量制备，这阻碍了碳纳米管性能与应用研究工作的进展。单壁碳纳米管的稳定性也是碳纳米管研究领域的重要问题之一。 采用浮动催化裂解法研究了磷作为促进剂对单壁碳纳米管制备的影响。实验表明，在单壁碳纳米管的制备过程中添加适量的磷促进剂可以大幅度提高单壁碳纳米管的产率；采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman Spectroscopy)对产物进行微观结构分析，发现磷有利于较小管径单壁碳纳米管的合成。根据表征结果推测单壁碳纳米管以Yarmulke帽模型形核生长。适量的添加磷的能有效的提高纳米铁颗粒的催化活性，促进Yarmulke帽的形成。此外，本文还研究了在磷促进剂条件下制备出的单壁碳纳米管在红外光照射下的稳定性，实验结果表明，单壁碳纳米管在红外光照射的情况下是不稳定的，发生结构重组转变为无序碳结构。 研究了磷元素对化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管的影响。实验发现，适量的添加磷元素可以起到改善纳米铁颗粒催化作用的效果，提高碳纳米管的纯度。TEM检测发现，磷元素的添加对碳纳米管的形貌有很大的影响，含磷纳米铁颗粒可以催生出链节状碳纳米管，铁纳米线填充的碳纳米管和竹节状碳纳米管，并提高了管壁石墨晶化程度。 实验结果表明磷在碳纳米管制备领域具有很大的应用潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the discovery of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in 1991 and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in 1993, carbon nanotubes have been one of the highlights in nanomaterial area because of their unique structural, physical and chemical properties and hence remarkable potential as a new material in a wide range of applications. It can be conjectured that with the perception and application of carbon nanotubes deepening, it will probably have great impact on human being’s future. Therefore, carbon nanotubes are regarded as one of the greatest discoveries at the end of twentieth century. The mass synthesis of carbon nanotubes, especially SWNTs, is one of the severe problems in carbon nanotubes’ research, and has been being a choke point in research and application of carbon nanotubes. Stability of SWNTs is another important problem in the area of carbon nanotubes.The synthesis of SWNTs by floating catalyst method, using phosphorus as promoter, was investigated in this paper. It was found that the addition of phosphorus promoter could greatly promote the yield of SWNTs. The morphology, structure of SWNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. It was concluded from the characterization that the Yarmulke cap model was operative in the growth of SWNTs, and phosphorus could enhance effectively the catalysis of iron nanopaticle, nucleation of Yarmulke cap and promote the growth of relatively smaller-diametered SWNTs. The stability of as-grown SWNTs under infrared was studied and found not stable. Structure reconstruction happened and SWNTs turned into disordered carbonaceous material.The effect of phosphorus on the purity and morphology of MWNTs by chemical vapor deposition method was investigated. It was found that the addition of phosphorus enhanced the catalysis of Fe and promoted the purity of carbon nanotubes. It was also found that the addition of phosphorus had a great effect on the morphology of carbon nanotubes. Chain-shaped carbon nanotubes, Fe nanowires-filled carbon nanotubes and bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes were obtained and the graphitization of carbon nanotubes was enhanced.The experimental results show that phosphorus has great applicable potential in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes.更多还原