【作者】 田志环；

【导师】 付荣恕；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 废旧干电池对环境的污染已是公认的事实,但废旧干电池污染的特点不像工业企业所产生的废水、废气污染那样集中、短期效果明显、易于监测;其污染是经过较长时间后通过对水体、土壤的污染,再经过植物、动物的积累效应,最终通过食物链进入人体,影响人体健康,甚至导致严重的疾病。尤其是电池用户分散,污染源也分散,所以,长期以来,废旧干电池的污染并没有引起人们的足够重视,废旧干电池对生物体具体的污染状况目前也没有详细的资料。一般来说,对废旧干电池这种低毒、长期的污染,采用化学分析的方法往往很难评价它的潜在毒性,传统的利用指示生物的测试如急性毒性实验、致死浓度的测定也很难有理想的结果。本实验采用了生态毒理学领域研究的热点——生物标志物系统地研究了废旧干电池污染液对水生生物泥鳅生理功能的影响,为研究废旧干电池的污染情况积累了资料。泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicadatus),属鱼纲,鲤形目,鳅科,是一种抗污能力较强的淡水鱼,作为实验对象和监测的指标种类都有显示意义。废旧干电池对泥鳅的慢性毒性实验证明,废旧干电池污染液对泥鳅具有极强地毒害作用,其毒性随暴露时间和污染液的浓度呈正相关关系,被毒害致死的泥鳅大致有:背部、腹部或上下颌皮肤肌肉破损、溃烂;皮肤上出现大量出血点;视觉器官受损等特征。慢性毒性实验之后,对废旧干电池污染液中残存的泥鳅进行了遗传毒理学实验,采取断尾取血的方式制作血涂片,在显微镜下观察其血红细胞的形态,发现其血红细胞的核异常及微核率明显高于对照组,证实在亚致死状态下,废旧干电池中的有毒物质已经对泥鳅的遗传毒理学指标产生了重大影响。废旧干电池污染液对泥鳅的分子生态毒理学指标的影响实验采用了两个时间段(48小时和72小时),检测了五种酶(SOD、CAT、GSTs、GSH-PX、AChE)活性随污染液浓度的变化趋势,探讨这些指标用于检测水域环境污染的可行性。对实验结果进行分析可以看出,SOD、CAT、GSTs、GSH-PX表现出明显的诱导更多还原

【Abstract】 It is generally accepted that waste cells would pollute environments. However, different from waste water or exhaust gas from the factories, pollution from waste cells are dispersing, not obvious in short period, and difficult to detect. Waste cells firstly pollute water and soil, then produce building-up effect on plants and animals, at last do harm to mankind even lead to diseases by food chain.Because of the dispersion of pollution sources, pollution by waste cells has been put out of account. Up to now, there has been no detailed information on effects of waste cells on organisms. Generally speaking, it is difficult to detect the toxicity of waste cells by chemical analysis. Even with the use of indicator organism, there has no ideal results. In the research, we study systematically on the effects of waterr polluted by waste cells on loach physology by the use of biomarker on which has been paid much attention in the field of ecotoxicology. The research provides much materials on pollution by waste cells.Misgurnus anguillicadatus, a species of freshwater fish, has fairly capacity of anti-pollution. Hence, loach was chosen as experiment subject. It showed that water polluted by waste cells had poisoning effects on it, there were very significant positive correlations between toxicity and duration of exposure, concentration of pollution water; the results showed that characters of animals poisoned were as follows: canker of muscles on belly, back, and mandible; blood spot appearance on skin, and eyespot were harmed et.al.After chronic toxicity test, further test of genetic toxicology on surviving loach were carried out. Blood blades were made to observe the form of cell.Compared to control groups, the rate of nuclear anomaly and micronuclei are greatly higher. The resulte showed that toxin from waste cells made tremendous mpactson indexes of更多还原