论詹姆逊的文学叙事理论与批评实践

【作者】 李大伟；

【导师】 杨守森；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 弗雷德里克·詹姆逊是当今西方马克思主义的代表人物,著名的后现代主义研究学者,美国文学理论家。詹姆逊的研究涉及多个领域,具有广泛而深远的世界性影响。但从叙事理论的角度对詹姆逊进行的研究还比较少,值得作进一步的探讨。詹姆逊的叙事理论是他的马克思主义阐释学体系的有机组成部分,这个体系的建立与批评实践首先是从叙事文本开始的,叙事问题与这个体系息息相关。对其进行深入研究,有助于从整体上把握詹姆逊的研究脉络与理论体系。本文试图从六个方面对其进行深入探讨:一、导论。介绍叙事理论的发展演变以及国内外研究现状,主要是国内的研究。在对研究现状进行综合评述的基础上,本文将研究重点设定在詹姆逊的文学叙事理论的阐释、理论渊源、批评实践、特点等方面。二、对詹姆逊文学叙事理论的具体阐释。詹姆逊在《政治无意识》中提出了全新的叙事概念,称叙事是“一种社会的象征性行为”,将对叙事的研究引向了社会、文化层面。詹姆逊指出,观点对于叙事作品并不起决定性作用,比观点更为重要的是转调、半音过渡,电影的淡出或蒙太奇等发明。对具体的叙事作品,詹姆逊提出了三个解释视域:狭义的政治或历史的视域、社会的视域、最宽泛意义上的历史视域。在叙事阐释中,詹姆逊坚持了意识形态和乌托邦的双重视角。三、詹姆逊文学叙事理论的渊源。主要探讨拉康的“真实界”和无意识与语言的关系,阿尔都塞的历史作为缺场的原因、列维-斯特劳斯的“野性的思维”等对詹姆逊文学叙事理论的影响。四、詹姆逊文学叙事理论的批评实践。詹姆逊对巴尔扎克、吉辛、康拉德等小说家的作品进行了分析。对巴尔扎克小说中的“欲望”问题,吉辛小说中的意识形态素“愤懑”,康拉德小说中的传奇和物化作了叙事阐释。五、詹姆逊文学叙事理论的特点。詹姆逊的文学叙事理论具有鲜明的政治性、理论的杂糅性和从文学到文化的开放性。这一部分对这三个特点作了具体的分析。六、詹姆逊文学叙事理论的不足及启示。詹姆逊的文学叙事理论由于过于关更多还原

【Abstract】 Frederick Jameson is a renowned representative of Western Marxism, a renowned post-modernism research scholar, and a famous American literary theoretician. Jameson’s research involves many domains and has a widespread influence in the world. But the studies on Jameson from the perspective of the narrative theory are quite few and worth further discussion. Jameson’s narrative theory is the organic constituent of his Marxist hermeneutic system, which has a close relationship with the narrative question, and the foundation and critic practice of this system starts from the narrative text. The deep research of it is helpful to grasp Jameson’s research thoughts and his theoretical system. This thesis attempts to explore it from the following six aspects.The first aspect is Introduction in which the development and evolution of the narrative theory as well as the present researches (mainly the domestic research) are introduced. And based on the present research, this thesis focuses on the explanation, theoretical origin, critic practice and characteristics of Jameson’s literary narrative theory.The Second aspect concentrates on the concrete explanation of Jameson’s literary narrative theory. In The Political Unconscious Jameson proposed a brand-new narrative concept, which calls narrative as "one kind of socially Symbolic behavior" and leads the narrative research to level of society and culture. Jameson states that the viewpoint does not play a key role to the narrative works and the more important is the invention of modulations, chromatic bridge-passages, cinematographic fadeouts and montages. As to a specific narrative product, Jameson proposed three explanation sights: the restricted politics or the historical sights, the society sights and the historical sights in the broadest sense. And in the narrative explanation, Jameson persists the dual perspectives of ideology and Utopia.The Third aspect deals with the origin of Jameson’s literary narrative theory.更多还原