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富勒烯在半导体材料表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

Adsorption of Fullerene on Semiconductor Surfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study

【作者】 姚淑娟

【导师】 吴金平; 程寒松;

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 , 应用化学, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 随着集成电路半导体器件尺寸的逐渐缩小,对GaAs等具有特殊性质的半导体材料和能够预知物理性质的富勒烯的需求逐渐增加。在过去几十年中,富勒烯作为一种重要的材料,它的制备方法、物理化学性质已被广泛的研究。由于富勒烯分子的固有曲率和高度离域π轨道,使得它能够与许多物质发生反应。不同尺寸的富勒烯分子成为应用于众多领域的新型材料。富勒烯作为低k介电材料期望能够成为微电子工业上新的沉积前驱体。 本文采用量子化学第一原理计算方法中的密度泛函广义梯度近似法试图探索C28,C32,C36,C40,C44,C48,C60系列富勒烯在GaAs(001)-c(4x4)重构表面的吸附行为以及C60分子在Si(001)-c(2x1)重构表面的吸附行为、吸附机理、电子特性及成膜的稳定性,并与已有的实验结果相比较分析。研究表明富勒烯以共价键的形式吸附在半导体材料表面,有部分电荷转移,吸附过程伴随着富勒烯自身和基底材料的结构扭曲和晶格松弛。所获得的计算结果可以洞察吸附机理并为新型材料的设计提供必要的信息。 富勒烯与基底材料之间产生强烈的化学吸附作用的支配力量是作为电子接受体的富勒烯存在π空轨道和作为电子施予体的As和Si原子存在孤对电子或π电子,它们之间的相互配位发生了孤电子对转移反应或环加成反应。研究表明富勒烯在GaAs(001)表面上发生的孤电子对转移反应,明显不同于C60和不饱和有机分子在Si重构表面的吸附行为。GaAs第二层上拥有悬挂键的As原子活性最大,所以富勒烯在基底沟槽位置(Trench)吸附作用强度最大,但是吸附强度随着富勒烯尺寸的增大而减弱,这与富勒烯分子的曲率和相对稳定性以及基底表面吸附位密切相关。同时可以预测对于更大尺寸的富勒烯,这种吸附作用将逐渐由化学吸附转化为物理吸附。富勒烯的具有较大曲率的六元环靠近沟槽位置时的吸附作用强度最大。当然,富勒烯的最佳取向应该是能够提供尽可能多的成键位,提供的成键位越多,吸附强度越大。较大曲率处,类sp2杂化的C原子间内应力相对较弱,所以能够产生较强的新化学键。

【Abstract】 As size of semiconductor devices continues the reduction trend, there is increasing demand for developing new chemistries on important semiconductor materials such as GaAs and the desired physical properties materials such as fullerenes. Chemisorption of fullerene on semiconductor surfaces is of current technological interest. Fullerenes represent one of the most novel materials in the past few years and their physicochemical properties have been extensively studied. Because of the inherent curvature and the highly delocalized π-orbitals, fullerenes are capable of reacting with a wide variety of substances. As low-k materials, fullerenes can become novel deposition precursors in the microelectronics industry. A large size variation of these molecules provides an excellent opportunity to design and develop novel materials for a broad range of applications.We present first principles studies using density functional theory under the generalized gradient approximation on adsorption mechanism, electronic properties and stability of fullerene molecules Cn (n=28, 32, 40, 44, 48, 60) on the c(4x4) reconstructed GaAs(001) surface and C60 on the c(2x1) reconstructed Si(001) surface. Strong covalent bonds between fullerenes and the substrate are formed. In all cases, we found that upon fullerene adsorption the sites undergo considerable lattice relaxation and structural deformation of fullerene molecules also occur. The calculation yields physical insight into the adsorption mechanism and provides useful information on the properties of the materials.The dominant force for the chemisorption is the interaction between the empty π bands of fullerene, which acts as an electron acceptor, and the electron lone pairs of the p orbitals of As and the π electron of Si, which behaves as an electron donor. The

【关键词】 密度泛函理论富勒烯砷化镓吸附稳定性
【Key words】 DFTGaAsSiAdsorptionStability
  • 【分类号】TN304
  • 【下载频次】336
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