东海大桥主通航孔船舶通行能力研究

【作者】 应静华；

【导师】 肖英杰； 李勇；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为使上海港成为集装箱枢纽港，把上海建成国际航运中心，上海市政府提出建设洋山深水港的设想。东海大桥作为洋山深水港的重要配套工程，全长32.5km，连接洋山港区和芦潮港海港新城；然而，大桥的建设改变了当地的通航环境，通航孔宽度影响船舶自由航行，限制桥区水域的船舶通行能力。 东海大桥位于杭州湾口东北部，舟山群岛西侧。目前由上海港经舟山群岛及杭州湾海口通往浙江、福建沿海航线主要分为外航路、东航路、中航路、西航路和内航路。与东海大桥相关的航线主要为内航路、西航路。西航路自长江口，经大戢山东方、西马鞍山岛东方，进入金山航道或经鱼腥脑岛西方驶向甬江口，为由上海至宁波和舟山各港口客船、渔船和千吨级货船的航路。内航路位于舟山群岛西部，为通往浙闽沿海1000～3000吨级船舶多年形成的习惯航线。 东海大桥主通航孔布置基本与内航路船舶习惯航线一致，设计通航等级为5000吨级。本文详细介绍了内航路及西航路的航行方法，通过对比以上两航路的航程得出船舶由西航路航行所需的绕航里程；根据相关规范，研究航海净空高度与工程净空高度的关系，确定主通航孔满足的船舶水面以上最大高度；借助船舶操纵模拟器，通过模拟船舶航迹带宽度，确定5000吨级货轮在桥区通航自然条件的双向航道宽度，验证主通航孔可通航宽度能否满足通航净空宽度要求；运用排队论，建立船舶过桥排队模型，求解排队系统相关指标；根据船舶过桥等待时间及桥区限速要求，确定东海大桥主通航孔对船舶自由通行的影响；通过对比内、西两航路的航时，提出船舶选择由内航路航行的合理建议。 现有的排队理论可以对一些典型的排队系统进行分析，并采用解析法计算出其稳态性能指标。但是，由于排队系统的随机性，对较复杂的排队系统的数学描述和求解常常很困难，需通过运用排队模型进行有效处理。过桥等待锚地的大小由满足一定保证率的等待队长决定，因此，本文提出运用Spreadsheet建模，求解满足95％保证率的等待队长和最大等待时间，确定过桥等待锚地的设置。 最后，文章对东海大桥主通航孔的船舶通行能力做出总结并对船舶操纵模拟器的发展及桥区排队模型的完善提出展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the purpose of making shanghai be an international shipping center and a container hub, the conception of yanshan deep seaport construction has been put forward by Shanghai government. As an important attachment of yanshan deep seaport, Donghai bridge, with the length of 32. 5km, connect yanshan harbour with luchao seaport city. However, the local navigable environment has been been changed greatly by this project and ship’s navigation has effected by the bridge opening’s navigable width, which limited the transite-capacity of bridge area.Donghai bridge situates at the Northeast of Hangzhou bay—the West of Zhoushan islands. The ships routing from shanghai port to Zhejiang and Fujian province coast which passes Zhoushan islands and Hangzhou bay can mainly divide as Out- route, East -route, Middle- route, West- route and Inner- route, only the last two pieces interrelate with the project. The West-route rises from Changjiangkou, passing the west of dajishan and the east of ximaanshandao, then enter into jinshan channel or sailing to the entrance of yongjing by passing the west of yuxingnaodao, which is the fairway of passenger linner, fish-boat, and kilotons cargo vessel from shanghai to the ports of ningbo and zhoushan. Inner-route lies at the west of zhoushan islands, which is the custom course of 1000 to 3000 tons ships in the coast of zhejiang and fujian province. In this paper, the dispoasal of main bridge opening, as its designed navigable class is 5000 tons, is basically consistented with custom course of Inner-route. The deviation distance of west-route has been obtained by compare of the two voyages after a particularly introduce of sailing plan has been taken. According to the correlated criterion, the main opening contented ship’s air draught from sea has been determined by study on the relationship of verticale clearance between navigation and engineering domain. The two-way fairway width, which has been used to verify whether the navigable更多还原