基于USB的航海雷达模拟器的设计与实现

【作者】 盛威；

【导师】 施朝健； 黄震民；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 安装在船舶上的雷达是船长的眼睛，是必不可少的主要助航设备。它的主要优点是：第一，船用雷达显像直观，使用方便，定位测量比较准确；第二，船用雷达能在雨、雪、雾和夜航等不利条件下探测物标，且作用距离远。船用雷达的这种作用，在船上众多的助航仪器中是独一无二的。因此，国际海事组织(IMO)对各类船舶必须装备船用雷达的数量和性能都作了具体的规定。 STCW公约明确要求500总吨或以上船舶，负责航行值班的高级船员能使用雷达和自动雷达标绘仪保持安全航行。而操作、解释和分析雷达获得的信息的能力的培训必须通过航海雷达模拟器。 正因为如此，航海雷达模拟器在航海教学中占据十分重要的地位，模拟器教学将进一步加强。近几年，国内不少单位都在研制以单片机为基础的AVIMA模式的雷达信号发生器，显然这种方法在研制大型雷达导航模拟器时已很难符合STCW公约的要求。以PC机为基础，加上PC机的雷达接口，用图形方式来研制雷达导航模拟器是一种新的趋势。 由于USB技术较新，及其众多优点背后的协议及设计应用的复杂性，所以当前还未出现基于USB技术的航海雷达模拟器。因此，研究并设计基于USB的雷达模拟器是一个具有重要价值的课题。 整个有关论文的理论部分着重分析了USB协议的重要内容，并开发了相应的软件进行了测试和实验。 有关论文的实践部分主要分为软件设计和硬件设计两部分。 硬件电路的设计涵盖了雷达微机的USB连接电路，雷达视频数据的传输、转换及放大电路，触发信号、方位信号、船首信号、计程仪信号及罗经信号的产生及驱动电路。在设计过程中，利用Protel 99SE设计了硬件电路，并且采用了多种抗干扰的可靠性措施。 嵌入式软件是在KEIL集成环境下用C语言及汇编语言编写并调试的，主要包括了嵌入式软件的总体框架，视频信号数据通过GPIF接口控制传输程序，触发信号、方位信号及船首信号的产生程序。 WDM驱动程序提供了系统中雷达微机应用程序和USB设备通信的主要功能。 雷达微机应用程序提供了模拟器与用户交互，雷达数据传输，雷达接口控制等主要功能。 本课题实现的利用USB技术的航海雷达模拟器，在图像传输的稳定性和准确性上都达到了雷达模拟器的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The navigational radar installed on the ship is the eye of captain. It is indispensable equipment for safe navigation. Radar equipment mainly shows the following advantages: firstly, it is easy to use and provides a clear display of relatively accurate data of detected targets. Secondly, navigational radar could be used in some unfavorable conditions, and the range is far enough. Therefore, the function of navigational radar is unique in many of the navigational equipments. In this case, IMO have clear regulations on quantity and quality about the radars installed on the ship.STCW definitely order that the officer of watch onboard a ship of more than 500 ton must have the ability to use radar and ARPA to keep the voyage in safe stage. And the ability of manipulation, interpretation and analysis is based on the excise of radar simulators.In this case, the importance of navigational radar in maritime education is very evident. The simulator teaching is strengthened. Recently, there are many units develop the radar signal generator based on AVIMA mode, and it is hard to be in accord with STCW requirements. Base on the PC and in addition with radar interface, a more promising direction of development is to simulate radar display based on graphic mode.With the reason that the technology USB is new and the complication of the protocol, there is no radar simulators based on USB technology. Therefore, the research and design of radar simulator based on USB technology is a value subject.The theoretical part of this paper is based on the USB protocol analysis, and also using the software developed by author to perform the tests and experiments. There are two parts of the research work, software design and hardware design of the system, in this paper. The whole system includes the radar PC connect unit, the radar video transfer unit, transform unit, trigger, bearing, heading mark, log and compass units and the buffer units. In the development process, Protel 99SE is used to design the hardware circuit.The microcontroller embedded programming is base on the KEIL and use C and assembly language for programming, The software developed includes the modules of the software framework, the GPIF transfer part and trigger, bearing, and heading mark generation program.The WDM driver provides the function of connecting the application to the hardware. The radar application program provides the function of communication, radar data transfer and radar interface controlling.The research and development of the system are as well significant to the application in navigational radar simulator and other relative fields.更多还原