【作者】 李献辉；

【导师】 李保平；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 黑豆蚜Aphis fabae Scopli广布全世界，多食性，是农业生产上的重要害虫。已知绝大多数类群的蚜虫具有内共生细菌-布赫纳氏菌Buchnera，共生菌被局限在特殊的结构—“含菌细胞”中，简称“菌胞”。蚜虫与其共生菌之间在长期协同演化过程中，形成了互惠共生、互为依赖的密切关系，蚜虫为共生菌提供生存环境和营养来源，共生菌为蚜虫的营养代谢提供必要支持。所以，影响蚜虫的生态因子也必然会不同程度地影响共生菌。但迄今为止，大多数研究主要围绕共生菌与蚜虫生理代谢关系的研究，对外界生态因子与共生菌的关系研究很少。本文旨在探究部分生态因子与共生菌胞数量动态的相互关系，从而为蚜虫生理生态学、种群与群落生态学研究提供新的思路。主要研究结果如下： 一、温度对黑豆蚜体内共生菌胞数量及宿主体型大小的影响 为了明确饲养温度、黑豆蚜内共生菌和宿主蚜虫体型大小三者之间的相互关系，对在室内不同温度（15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃）下饲养的黑豆蚜内共生菌胞数量和宿主蚜虫体型大小进行了观察和统计分析。结果表明，温度对同一发育时期蚜虫内共生菌胞数量的影响不同，1龄若蚜体内的菌胞数量除在25℃与35℃间有显著差异外，在其余各温度间没有显著差异；2、3、4龄和成蚜的内共生菌胞数量在高温（＞30℃）下显著低于较低温度下的菌胞数量，存在负直线相关性。温度对菌胞数量随宿主发育到产仔前的变化趋势有不同程度的影响，在较低温度（15℃、20℃和25℃）下，菌胞数量随虫体发育显著增加；但在高温（30℃和35℃）下，蚜虫体内菌胞数逐渐增加直到3龄达到最高，然后略有下降（30℃）或显著下降（35℃）。除1龄若蚜外，蚜虫体型大小总体呈现随温度升高而降低的格局，但随其内共生菌数量增多而增大（35℃下除外）。据此认为，温度可能通过作用于蚜虫内共生菌胞数量而影响蚜虫体型大小。另外，对不同温度下的4龄和成蚜研究发现，其体内菌胞数量与胚胎数量二者之间存在明显的直线相关性(r_4龄=0.6629，r_成=0.8018，P＜0.001)。 二、黑豆蚜体内共生菌胞与不同翅型个体发育的关系 蚜虫体内的原核共生细菌局限在体腔的菌胞内，对无翅型和有翅型蚜虫的生长发更多还原

【Abstract】 The black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, is a worldwide pest of economic crops with polyphagous habits. A mutualistic relationship has been established during coevolution between aphid hosts and the primary endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera. The host aphids provide habitats and some necessary nutrition for the bacteria while the later produce essential amino acids that are absent in phloem sap from nonessential amino acids like glutamate, which host aphids can not do this alone. It is argued that the external factors affecting host aphids should also influence their endosymbionts. However, most of studies have been contributed to understanding the aphid-Buchnera physiological interaction while much less have been done with ecological interaction between external factors and endosymbionts. The main objective of this study is to search for the relationship between some ecological factors and abundance dynamic of mycetocytes in host aphids.1. Effects of temperatures on the abundance of mycetocytes and body sizes of Aphis fabae ScopoliTo explore the effect of breeding temperature on the endosymbiotic bacteria in Aphis fabae Scopoli and body size of their hosts, the changes in the abundance of mycetocytes and host body size under different temperatures (15℃、 20℃、 25℃、 30℃ and 35℃) were observed in the laboratory. The results showed that the effect of temperature on the abundance of mycetocytes was dependent on the developmental stage of aphids. The abundance of mycetocytes in the 1st instar nymphs of the aphid showed no difference at different temperatures except at 25℃ and 35℃, but showed significant difference in the other life stages of the aphid at different temperatures, and a negative correlation between the abundance of mycetocytes and temperature was found. Temperature also affected, to some extent, the trend of the abundance of mycetocytes following the development of aphids. The abundance of mycetocytes increased with the development from nymph to更多还原