【作者】 王利刚；

【导师】 徐银学； 杜文兴；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 通过双重抑制PCR技术分离10个鸭的微卫星标记分析我国常见8种家鸭品种和引进品种番鸭、樱桃谷鸭、绿头野鸭的遗传多样性，探讨了各群体内的遗传变异和各群体间的遗传关系。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、群体间的Nei氏标准遗传距离（D_S）和D_A遗传距离，并利用D_S和D_A遗传距离分别构建了13个鸭群体的UPGMA系统聚类图。研究结果如下： （1） 筛选了7个多态微卫星座位，均在13个品种得到了特异性扩增结果，共检测到51个等位基因，每个座位的等位基因数为5～12个；有效等位基因数目总共为26.7164个，有效等位基因数小于实际观察等位基因数，这是等位基因分布不均匀的结果。 （2） 7个微卫星座位均为中度或高度多态座位，平均多态信息含量为0.4023～0.6015，13个品种基因杂合度变化范围为0.4070～0.7070，说明群体的遗传多样性较为丰富，需要根据具体情况采取不同的措施来保护这些品种的遗传性和适应性的相对稳定。 （3） 遗传分化系数表明：群体的平均遗传分化系数G_ST均值为0.1645，说明13个鸭群体中，83.55％的遗传变异是由群体内遗传多态现象引起的，16.45％来自品种间的差异，表明品种间的分化程度较大。 （4） 用DISPAN软件分别计算了13个鸭群体之间的遗传距离，采用D_A／uPGMA和D_S／UPGMA两种方法的聚类结果是一致的。13个鸭种聚为3类。Ⅰ类：高邮鸭、昆山鸭、巢湖鸭、微山鸭、绍鸭、连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、北京鸭、樱桃谷鸭；Ⅱ类：斑嘴鸭、绿头野鸭、西湖野鸭；Ⅲ类：番鸭独成一类。各鸭种的聚类关系与其来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布基本一致。 （5） 对绿头野鸭、斑嘴鸭与各家鸭之间的遗传距离（D）值进行方差分析，发现D值之间不存在显著差异（P＞0.05），因此可以得出绿头野鸭和斑嘴鸭在家鸭品种的形成过程中均作出了贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 A dual-suppression-PCR technique was used to isolate 10 duck special microsatellite markers from duck, by which the genetic diversity of 8 indigenous duck breeds in China and foreign duck breeds was analyzed. The genetic variation within population and among populations was discussed according to the allele frequencies of 10 microsatellite markers. The genetic parameters of mean heterozygosity(H),polymorphism information content (PIC),the Nei’ standard genetic distance( D_S) and D_A genetic distance were calculated for each breed. The UPGMA clustering dendrogram was obtained from D_S and D_A genetic distance. The results were as follows:1. Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and specific amplification was obtained in all the thirteen breeds. 51 alleles were detected in all the loci, alleles in each locus ranged from 5 to 12. The effective allelic number was 26.7064,less than the observed allelic number. This was the result of the alleles distributing unequally.2. The seven microsatellite loci showed middle high and high PIC. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was between 0.4023～0.6015 and the mean heterozygosity was between 0.4070～0.7070, indicating that the genetic diversity of the 13 breeds was very abundant. Different measures should be taken according to different situation to protect the relative stability of heredity and adaptability.3. The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.1645, suggesting that83.55% of genetic differentiation was caused by genetic polymorphisms within population, and 16.45% came from breed differences. The result showed that there exists significant genetic differentiation among different populations.4. The Nei’ s standard genetic distance(D_S)and DA genetic distance among the13 duck populations were estimated with the DISPAN software. Two same UPGMA dendrograms were obtained through the analysis of D_A genetic distance and Nei’ s standard genetic distance(D_S). The 13 duck breeds were clustered into 3 groups based on the dendrogram. In the clustering tree, Gaoyou ducks, Kunshan ducks, Chaohu ducks, Weishan ducks,Shaoxing更多还原