【作者】 刘芳；

【导师】 钱忠好； 郭忠兴；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放后，随着我国工业化、城市化进程的加快，土地的非农价值逐渐显现。由于土地市场的分割造成土地农用和非农用之间价格存在巨大的差异，如何进行土地制度创新以实现土地资源在农业和非农业之间的有效配置、以及土地增值收益在不同当事人之间合理分配，成为现实生活中亟待解决的重大问题。目前解决这一问题的现行法律架构是：禁止土地所有权市场、严格控制一级土地市场、适当开放二级土地市场，意味着农村土地要转变为非农用，必须采用土地征收或征用的方式。然而，这一制度安排尽管有其经济上及政治上的合理性，即在一定程度上保证国家社会经济发展对非农建设用地的需求，但却造成了社会福利的损失。 新制度经济学理论告诉我们，当外部利润在原有的制度框架下无法合理内部化时，利益主体就倾向于创新新的制度模式，以改变原来的收益分配状况。现实中，为了合理的分配土地增值收益，解决征地过程中存在的种种问题，各地纷纷在制度边际上不断进行着探索和创新，在经济发达地区出现了各种规避正式法律、法规的农地非农化制度创新模式。 近年来，昆山富民合作社的制度创新尤其令人瞩目。昆山农民通过土地、资金入股联合的方式，建造标准厂房、打工楼出租，获得土地增值收益，把农民的承包经营权延伸到工业化领域。这种做法既有效地回避了与现行法律的直接冲突，又实现了集体、农民、用地单位和政府的一致同意。对昆山富民合作社的制度创新进行理论解析，剖析其中蕴含的政策含义，不仅具有理论意义，而且具有现实意义。 本文以“外部利润——同意一致性——制度创新”为理论框架，运用新制度经济学制度创新理论，研究了富民合作社制度创新的宏观背景、外部利润、制度机制设计及利益当事人的行为等，探讨了其制度创新的理论价值，并得出改革和完善我国农地非农化政策的有益启示。研究表明，昆山富民合作社是利益当事人一致同意的农地非农化制度创新，在保留集体土地所有权的前提下，把农民的承包经营权延伸到工业化领域；其所蕴涵的政策含义为：根据产权结构进行收益分配，规范集体非农建设用地流转，建立多元化的土地非农化模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization since the 1990s, the non-agricultural value of land is becoming obvious in our country. Enormous difference in price between agricultural use and non-agriculture use of land has still existed because of partition of land market. It is an important issue how to carry on the system innovation in land use to install land resources effectively between agricultural use and non- agricultural use, and make the reasonable allocation of land revenue between different parties. At present, the current legal approach to solve this issue is forbidding the market of land property rights, controlling the primary land market strictly and opening the secondary land market adequately. That is to say, if agriculture land is transferred into non-agriculture land use, land requisition will be the exclusive path. This institution arrangement has its rationality from the perspective economics, and it can cater to the land demand for the social-economic development. However, as the loss of the social welfare rooting from imbalance, many new social issues have been stemming.According to the theory on institutional change of new institutional economics, when external profits can’t be properly interiorized, stakeholders are willing to devise the new system mechanism to change their original income allocation pattern. In order to allocate the land value added revenue reasonably and solve the issues teeming in the land requisitions, different regions are trying to taste various institution innovations. One mode of land transferring innovation through avoiding legal regulations immerged in the regions with high economic level. The institution of kunshan peasant stocks & cooperative system (PSCS) appeared under such background.In recent years, people greatly focus attention upon the institution innovation of PSCS. The land tenure rights was extended into industry field through using land and capital as stocks to construct standard workshops and houses for renting use, and then can obtain更多还原