【作者】 宋均梅；

【导师】 陈利根；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 土地由资源向资产转变的时期致发巨大的增值收益，这是我国社会经济发展中的现实存在。农民作为土地的权利主体之一理应获取土地增值收益的部分以实现其权益。但现实是农民失地和地价大幅上涨的同时，征地过程中出现的社会保障、就业等问题突出，很多农民沦为“种田无地、就业无处、低保无份”的“三无游民”，生活在城市和农村的边缘，成为“边缘人口”。土地转让产生较大的收益，但仅仅给失地农民规定的较低补偿，没有保障农民随土地增值而应享有的收益，在一定程度上农民成为城市发展的“牺牲品”，这引起了失地农民对政府的不满，土地矛盾成为社会的主要焦点。 研究的主体分为绪论部分、研究的基础理论论述、历史回顾、微观主体经济行为研究、国外经验借鉴和改革框架构建几个主要部分。 绪论部分主要包括研究选题的背景、研究的问题意义、文章结构和研究路线以及文献综述等；理论基础主要有制度创新理论、路径依赖和惯性作用理论、权利贫困理论等；历史回顾详细追溯了我国建国以来的重要历史时期政策制度取向和特征，并将土地征收制度放到大的宏观历史背景中予以阐述、评价，寻找目前土地征收存在的诸多问题、特别是被征地农民权益缺失的历史原因，包括政策制度、法律、经济等诸多方面的原因。微观主体经济行为分析主要运用经济模型对土地征收中的政府和土地财产权利主体农民之间的经济博弈行为进行透析，对宏观历史分析补充和支持，也反射土地征收过程中的经济利益分配问题。国外经验借鉴则简要的介绍了国外征地制度值得借鉴的先进之处。随后在宏观和微观分析的基础上进行基于农民权益保障的征地制度改革体系的构建，提出“一个中心、两个支点”的改革框架，制度改革要以充分实现城市化公共和个人发展成本经济实现的基础上进行。制度改革可以通过两个途径同时开展：一是规范和制约政府行政征收公权力，另一方面增强和维护农民私权利；两个途径的顺利进行基础在于土地征收程序的改革和完善。最后给出简要的研究结论和政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is huge increasing worth existent when the land’s inbeing change from resource into asset, which is external existence in our country following social economy development. As one of the obliges, the peasants are well-founded to gain at least part of the increasing worth to realize their farmland rights and interests. However, the truth is that social security and employment problems worsen, and directly peasants who lose their farmland tend to become whoever named "floaters with nothing" for their "farm without land, without work and live without living social security" while land value increase rapidly and peasants lose their farmland quickly. Usually they live beside or in cities and towns just life style is similar to the citizens while their standard of living falls short. And so they live on the edge of cities, and substantively society. As we all know, land acquisition causes great increment worth while peasants who lose farmland gain a spot of it and only legal low compensates are paid. Rights and benefits have not come into truth. So as a certain extent, peasants are victims for development of cities and our country. As a result, peasants are dissatisfactory with the local governments and conflict between them emerges and sharpens.In this article the main body of the research divides into several main parts as macroscopic historical research、microscopic economical research and the reform frame constructs. In the macroscopic historical research, policies and systems of the important historical period since our country was established are expatiated. Correspondingly, the land acquisition system is appraised against the whole macroscopic historical background. In this way, reasons are analyzed for why so many serious problems come forth during land acquisition, especially why rights and benefits of peasants fall into violation, including policies、 laws、 economic policies and so on.In the microscopic economic analysis economic model has been used to simulate and analyze the economic gambling behavior between the two land obliges: local government and peasants. This part reflects admeasurements of economic benefit as well as reinforces and supports the foregoing macroscopic historical research.Afterwards, land acquisition system reform which bases on peasants’ rights and property are ensured. And a reform frame "a guideline, two fulcrums" has been brought forward. That means land acquisition system reform should go along with the social更多还原