【作者】 李爱民；

【导师】 代静玉；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 天然有机质（natural organic material，简称NOM）如胡敏酸、富里酸等，是土壤、水体和沉积物中的重要组成部分，它与无机矿物间的吸附作用，控制着重金属、亲水性有机物（hydrophobic organic materia，简称HOM）的迁移和生物毒性，影响全球碳循环。结合在矿物上的天然有机质能改变矿物的理化性质，使原本亲水的矿物表面具有不同程度的疏水性，促进或抑制矿物对环境中的某些有机及无机污染物的吸附，从而影响它们在环境中的迁移和归属，同时也给环境监测及环境质量评价带来了许多潜在困难。本论文具体集中在以下问题的研究。 用红外分析（FTIR）和热失重分析法对乌栅土中提取出的FA、HA的元素组成及结构特征进行分析，结果表明，FA和HA的主要失重峰出现在300℃和359℃左右，它们的结构差异明显，FA以含有大量的羧基为主要特征，HA的脂肪族类物质多于FA。 通过胡敏酸在高岭石上的吸附行为的研究，并运用X射线衍射、红外光谱和热重等分析方法，对复合前后的高岭石进行分析，结果表明，胡敏酸在高岭石上的吸附符合Langmuir和Fruendlich吸附模式。胡敏酸浓度较低时，吸附模式符合Langmuir，Kf为0.857，浓度较高时，适合Fruendlich吸附模式。高岭石胡敏酸复合体的红外光谱出现了明显的C-H振动吸收峰；吸附行为主要表现为化学吸附，发生在铝的表面羟基吸附位上。 通用缓冲液（pH2）平衡后的XAD-8树脂能吸附H⁺型富里酸。利用pH4.8、pH7.0、pH11.0的该通用缓冲液，可将富里酸中亲水性物质按解离程度分离为3种组分，再用水、乙醇将富里酸中的疏水性物质划分为的强、弱两个组分，由此得到5个组分F4.8、F7.0、F11.0、Fwat及Feth。分析各组分的元素组成、红外光谱和核磁共振(¹H-NMR，¹³C-NMR)光谱的特征，结果表明在pH缓冲液溶出的组分中含氧量、含羧基量高于水、乙醇溶出的组分，而脂肪性成分含量低于水和乙醇溶出的组分，并且脂肪族侧链较短。通过CPMAS-¹³C-NMR光谱分析表明，各组分中羧基碳含量大小顺序为：F4.8＞F7.0＞F11.0＞Fwat＞Feth，烷基碳含量大小顺序为：F4.8＜F7.0＜F11.0＜Fwat＜Feth。 不同组分的富里酸在高岭石上的吸附曲线符合Langmuir和Fruendlich模型。疏水性较弱的F4.8、F7.0及F11.0组分的吸附符合Langmir模式，疏水性较强的Feth组分符合Fuendlich吸附模式。各组分吸附量大小顺序为：Feth＞F11.0＞F7.0＞F4.8。红外光谱表征，羧基和脂肪基团出现在FA-高岭石复合体中。通过电镜扫描发现，吸附在高岭石更多还原

【Abstract】 The adsorption of natural organic material (NOM) such as humin acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) on clay minerals is an important process affecting the transportation and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrophobic organic material (HOM) in soil and aquatic environment, which might produce some potential difficulties for environmental monitoring and assessment. At the same time, the sorption behavior alters the surface physicochemical characteristics of clays and minerals, elevating or retarding the mobility of organic and nonoganic polutants, and effecting on the global carbon sequestration.FA and HA were measured by using thermal gravity analysis and FTIR spectrum. The results showed that the main peak ofweight loss of FA and HA was 300℃ and 359℃, respectively.This indicated that HA contained a larger amount of aliphatic components, while FA might have more aromatic constituents.The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on kaolinite was investigated and the characteristics of HA- kaolinite complexes were studied by means of X- ray diffraction pattern, TGA and IR. According to the results obtained, when the HA- kaolin complexes wer washed six times, the HA could be stably combined with the kaolinite; the Fruendlich-type equation could describe the adsorption isotherm of HA on kaolin well, and the Kf of HA on kaolin was 0. 857; there existed apparent absorption peaks of hydrocarbon in the IR; chemical adsorption played a major role in the interaction between HA and kaolinite, and the adsorption behavior mainly took place on the hydroxyl sites of aluminum.Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China, were fractionated into four fractions (F4.8, F7.0, F11.0, and Feth) based on hydrophobility using XAD resin technique. Sorption between fulvic acid (FA) fractions and kaolinite were studied by batch adsorption experiments and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Adsorption isotherms and those of the less alkyl group, more aromatic and phenolic group containing fractions fit the Langmuir adsorption model, whereas the fraction with high alkyl groups, low aromatic and phenolic groups exhibited a non-Langmuir multiplayer adsorption. The adsorption density of the sorbates was positively correlated with the percentage of alkyl groups, but negatively related to the aromatic and phenolic group content in each FA fraction with an order of Feth>F7.0>F11.0>F4.8. The presence of更多还原