【作者】 李嫦玲；

【导师】 宗良纲；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将基地土壤环境质量调查和植物体内重金属含量分析与盆栽试验相结合，研究了：(1)我国主要中药材基地药用白菊花中重金属污染状况；(2)南京地区菊花脑蔬菜地Cd、Pb、Cu污染现状；(3)Cd、Pb污水灌溉对药用白菊花和菊花脑生长的影响；(4)Cd、Pb复合污染对药用白菊花生长的影响。 我国主要中药材基地药用白菊花中重金属含量分析发现，个别基地的药用白菊花中Cd含量超过，最高的超标达2.23倍，中药材基地环境质量不容乐观。 南京地区菊花脑蔬菜地土壤环境质量总体看来，综合污染指数平均值为0.80，尚属清洁。但在调查的菜地中，34％的土壤Cd含量超过了土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)，一个菜地土壤中Cu含量超标，菊花脑蔬菜地土壤环境质量也不容乐观。虽然所调查的菜地土壤中Pb含量全部达标，但是，菊花脑中重金属含量分析结果显示，大部分菜地上种植的菊花脑中Pb含量超过了无公害蔬菜的限量标准(GB18406．1-2001)，部分菜地上的菊花脑中Cd含量也超过了标准。 菊花脑污水灌溉生物盆栽试验结果显示，Cd、Pb污染破坏了菊花脑叶片中的叶绿素，使叶片失绿，Cd的危害比Pb严重。低浓度的Cd、Pb污染促进了菊花脑的生长，污染达到一定程度后，菊花脑地上部分和根部生物量显著降低，Cd的抑制作用大于Pb。Cd、Pb在菊花脑体内的分布规律为根部＞地上部，Cd的迁移性强于Pb，Pb多积累在根部。菊花脑地上部分Cd、Pb含量随着采样次数的增加而增加，最后趋于稳定。各次采样的菊花脑地上部分和收获时根部的Cd、Pb含量与土壤中投加的Cd、Pb浓度均存在很好的相关性。 药用白菊花污水灌溉生物盆栽试验结果显示，低浓度的Cd、Pb对菊花的生长存在促进作用，当污染达到一定程度，才表现出抑制作用，使地上部分生物量和菊花鲜重显著降低。Cd、Pb在药用白菊花各部位的分布规律均为根部＞茎叶＞花，随着污染程度的增加，Cd、Pb向地上部分的迁移能力降低，但Cd的迁移能力大于Pb。菊花各部位Cd、Pb含量与土壤中Cd、Pb投加浓度存在很好的相关性。 土壤Cd、Pb复合污染下，Cd、Pb共同作用，使药用白菊花鲜重的降低程度大于单一污染时，并且Cd、Pb的临界含量也大为降低。不管是单一污染还是复合污染，更多还原

【Abstract】 By the survey of heavy metals pollution and pot experiment, it showed the contaminated condition in the main base of Traditional Chinese medicine materials, the Cadmium, lead, copper pollution in Nanjing Chrysanthemum vegetable soils and discussed the impacts of Cadmium and Lead sewage irrigation on Chrysanthemum vegetable and Chrysanthemum monrifolium, the impacts of compound pollution of soil Cadmium and Lead on Chrysanthemum monrifolium.The results of the survey of heavy metals pollution in the main bases of Tranditional Chinese medicine materials showed that the environmental quality in the bases of tranditional Chinese medicine materials of our country was not very good. The cadmium content in Chrysanthemum monrifolium of several basese were over the standard. The highest was 2.23 times of the standard.Generally, the soil environmental quality of Nanjing Chrysanthemum vegetable was not very bad. The average of comprehensive pollution index equaled 0.80. But It should be concerned that in the invesgated soils, the cadmium contents of 34% samples and the copper content of one sample were over "soil environmental standards"(GB15618-1995). Although the lead contents in all soil samples were up to "soil environmental standards", the contents in the stem and leaf were over the "hazard-free safe vegetable standards" (GB18406.1-2001). The cadmium contents in stem and leaf of Chrysanthemum vegetable get from part of the soils were also over the standard.The pot experiment of cadmium and lead sewage irrigation on Chrysanthemum vegetable showed that, under cadmium and lead pollution, the contents of chlorophyll in the leaves of Chrysanthemum vegetable were lower than that in the control. The effect of cadmium was even larger than lead. Chrysanthemum vegetable growed better under the condition of cadmium or lead pollution of low concentration. When the concentration reached a limited level, the aerial biomass and root biomass were all decreased. The reduced quantity was larger in the pollution of cadmium. The distribution of cadmium and更多还原