【作者】 封盛；

【导师】 李义久；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 电子工业的迅猛发展使得重金属废水的排放量逐年增加，水质也更趋复杂。采用传统的化学沉淀法进行处理，排放于水中的重金属离子含量仍较高，甚至不能达标排放，从而导致进入环境水体中的重金属总量越来越大。因此，采取有效的处理手段，降低电子工业排放废水中重金属浓度，同时又不产生二次污染具有重要的环境和经济效益。 本文以玉米淀粉为原料，经过交联、醚化、胺化、加成等步骤合成了一种新型重金属捕集剂——二硫代氨基甲酸改性淀粉（DTCS）。考察了各反应参数对产品性能的影响，确定了合适的合成条件，并制备出含硫量为18.24％的DTCS产品。 论文研究了DTCS在不含络合剂和含络合剂重金属溶液中，对重金属离子的捕集作用，考察了影响其捕集作用的各种因素，如重金属种类、pH值、无机离子、干扰离子、温度、时间等，确定了合适的应用条件。结果表明：在不含络合剂，重金属离子浓度为1mmol·L^-1的溶液中，DTCS对重金属离子捕集能力由强到弱的顺序为：铜＞铅＞镉＞锌＞镍，且K⁺，Ca²⁺等无机离子对其去除效果影响不大。在铜、铅、锌、镉、镍的离子浓度均为0.5mmol·L^-1的50mL混合溶液中，当DTCS的投加量为0.22g时，所有重金属离子的去除率都达到99％以上。在25mL含络合剂（EDTA、三乙醇胺、酒石酸、氯化铵、柠檬酸）的浓度为0.1mmol·L^-1铜离子溶液中，加入0.08g的DTCS，铜离子去除率分别为98.91％，98.59％，97.85％，95.23％，92.99％。用红外光谱、扫描电镜、固体核磁等对合成产品及捕集物进行分析，观察到DTCS通过DTC基团与重金属离子形成了螯合物。 DTCS对重金属的捕集性能优异，能同时去除多种重金属，且具有使用方便、毒性小、抗干扰能力强、可再生使用、性能稳定等优点，具有良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of industry, plenty of heavy-metal wastewater containing chelating agents is draining out of the manufacture world. Traditional chemical precipitated method can not meet the emission regulation to treat the ever increasing wastewater. Finding new efficient measures to decrease the heavy metal concentration without second pollution has become the top priority in the environment protection field.In this dissertation, corn starch which is low-cost and can be degraded easily, is modified and applied for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Starting from corn starch, cross-link starch derivative containing dithiocarbamate group（DTCS） is synthesized via a series of processes including crosslink, etheration, amination and addition reaction with CS₂. The final product having 18.24% S is obtained through the optimal process.Some parameters affecting metal removal in solution are investigated in this dissertation. In the solution without complexing agent, experimental results show that the ability of DTCS’s removing heavy metals is: Cu²⁺>Pb²⁺>Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Ni²⁺. The removal efficiencies of them are Cu²⁺99.91 %, Pb²⁺99.88%, Cd²⁺87.36%, Zn²⁺85.17 %, Ni²⁺66.36%. In the mixed solution (five kinds of heavy metals are involved and every metal concentration is 0.5mmol·L^-1), the removal efficiencies of them are all above 99.7%. In the solution with complexing agent（EDTA, Triethanolamine, Tartaric Acid, Ammonium Chloride, Citric Acid）, the removal efficiencies of Cu²⁺ are 98.91 %,98.59%,97.85%,95.23%,92.99%.IR spectra of the compounds indicate that the chelating bonds are formed between this chelating reagent and metals.Both the theory and experimental results show that the chelating reagent synthesized in this dissertation have a good effect on removal of heavy metals. It is safe, stable and high efficient. It also can remove different kinds of heavy metals and have a good prospect.更多还原