【作者】 龚伟；

【导师】 向茂生；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（电子学研究所） ， 信号与信息处理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种提供高分辨率地貌图像的技术。它在经济、科学研究和军事领域都有广阔的应用前景，高分辨率机载SAR系统是当前SAR技术的一个重要的研究和发展方向。精确、有效的运动补偿是得到高质量SAR图像的前提条件之一。本文围绕机载合成孔径雷达成像和运动补偿理论及系统软件实现进行讨论。 本文首先从SAR系统需要解决的问题入手，简要概述了形成匹配滤波的参考函数的关键参数多普勒中心频率的估计方法，以及用于估计残余相差的相位梯度自聚焦算法(PGA)；接着引出机载SAR的运动补偿问题，详细讨论了运动误差以及相应的补偿办法，同时也阐明了本文所用到的运动补偿方案；最后介绍了几种基本的成像算法，给出了结合多普勒参数估计、运动补偿、相位梯度自聚焦算法的成像系统。 运动补偿是SAR成像系统不可缺少的一部分。本文提到的运动补偿方案是采用IMU和GPS的组合系统POS(Position&Orientation System)所测得的天线相位中心(APC)运动参数经过计算机解算后，对APC视线向的运动相位误差进行补偿，然后利用相位梯度自聚焦算法对雷达数据中的剩余相位误差进行补偿。 论文系统地分析了成像、运动补偿和自聚焦的原理及算法的同时，也给出了使用这些方法对中科院电子所X-SAR的数据进行了基于POS(position&orientation system)的运动相位补偿以及基于数据的自聚焦实验。 论文最后给出了结合运动补偿的SAR成像系统的软件设计流程框图，同时给出了各部分模块的介绍说明。更多还原

【Abstract】 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technique, which can provide high resolution terrain image and is available in economy, scientific research, military. The accurate and efficient motion compensation is essential for the high resolution air-borne SAR system. SAR imaging system with motion compensation and software engineering realization of signal processing is described in the dissertation.At first, the estimate methods of Doppler Centroid frequency and Phase gradient auto-focus algorithm (PGA) for SAR are discussed. Then the air-borne SAR motion compensation is introduced, including different motion errors and compensation methods corresponding to these errors. The motion compensation scheme applied in the dissertation is following. SAR imaging algorithms is in the last. The integrative SAR imaging system consists of parameter estimation, motion compensation, Phase auto-focusing. Every module implemented in software engineering is introduced in the last chapter.Motion compensation is indispensable in the high resolution SAR system. The motion compensation scheme introduced in this dissertation can be divided into two parts. The first is using Position & Orientation System (POS) which consists of IMU (inertial navigation unit) and GPS (Global Position System).Using the POS system, the track of antenna phase center (APC) can be got, then motion compensation can be implemented. The second is using PGA to compensate the residual phase error.While every module is introduced, using the data of CAS X-SAR, experiments based on algorithms is described in the mostly chapters.Detail designing and realization of software is presented in the last chapter of this dissertation.更多还原