建国初期中国对西方文化关系研究（1949—1956）

【作者】 李俊杰；

【导师】 胡礼忠；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 国际关系， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 文化关系是国家间关系的重要层面。一方面,文化是一个国家综合国力的重要组成部分;另一方面,文化作为国家“软权力”的重要构成,对国家间关系产生着巨大影响。不管是在历史上,还是在现实生活中,国家间在文化领域的交往,尤其是不同意识形态、不同社会制度的国家,围绕文化主权、文化安全展开的较量,以及在思想文化领域内的扩张和反扩张、渗透和反渗透,都构成了国家间关系乃至国际政治斗争的重要内容。建国初期(1949—1956)中国对西方的文化关系,是中西关系的一个有机组成部分,也是中国外交的一个重要方面。西方在对中国实施政治上孤立、经济上封锁、军事上遏制的同时,在文化领域也实施了以在内部极力维护其文化权益、扩大其文化影响,在外部极力剥夺中国的文化主权,压缩中国的文化空间为重心的文化战略。新中国则针锋相对展开了以废除西方在华文化特权、肃清西方文化影响、维护中国文化主权、拓展中国文化空间为中心内容的文化斗争。本文对建国初期中国面对西方对华文化图谋而展开的文化斗争,进行了较为系统的梳理和初步的研究,力图对这一时期中国对西方的文化认知、对西方文化战略的思考、文化政策的制定和实施、以及其作用和影响,作出客观的描述,进而对这一时期的中西文化关系乃至中国对外关系获得较为全面的把握。上述研究,一方面可以从近年来日益受到重视的“软权力”的角度,进一步考察文化关系在这一时期中西关系中的地位、作用和影响;另一方面,在冷战后文化因素对国际关系的影响日益凸现的情况下,上述研究也将对我们思考和处理当代中西文化关系乃至整个中西关系提供有益的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultural relation is an important part of international relations. On one hand, culture is a significant aspect of the comprehensive state power of a country; on the other hand, as a vital form of soft power, culture exerts great effect on international relations. Both in the past and in the present, the international intercourse in the cultural field, especially the conflicts among the countries with different ideologies and social systems focusing on the cultural sovereignty, the cultural security as well as the expansion and anti-expansion and penetration and anti-penetration in the cultural and ideological field constitute a vital part of the international relations and even the international political struggles.During the initial stage (1949—1956) after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the cultural relations with the West is an organic part of the Sino-Western relations as well as an important aspect for China’s diplomacy. While implementing the policies of political isolation, economic blockade and military containment against China, the West adopted the culture strategy in the cultural field with the emphasis on the maintenance of its cultural privileges, expansion of its culture influence internally and bereavement of China’s cultural sovereignty, confinement of China’s cultural space externally. China carried out cultural struggles focusing on the abolishment of the remaining cultural privileges of the West in China, elimination of the influence of Western culture, maintenance of cultural sovereignty and expansion of the cultural space. This thesis makes systematic induction and elementary study on China’s cultural struggles in face of the culture strategy of the West, and tries to objectively expatiate China’s cultural cognition towards the West and the reflections on the culture strategy of the West as well as the policymaking, implementation, effect and influence of cultural policies during this period, aiming for an all-round grasp for the Sino-Western cultural relations and even China’s foreign relations during this period.The study above helps to further understand the role, effect and influence of cultural relations in the Sino-Western relations during this period in a perspective of“soft power”, which has been paid more and more attention to. On the other hand, under the circumstances that the cultural factor plays more and more obvious role in the international relations in the Post-Cold War Era, the study above will also provide reference for the reflections and management of the contemporary Sino-Western cultural relation and even the whole Sino-Western relations.更多还原