【作者】 丁自立；

【导师】 杨国正；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 选用1个抗虫棉品种DP，2个彩色棉品种LV和ZH。应用现代生物科学技术和手段，从生化、形态的角度，在室内室外同时进行对比试验，采用分期播种的方法，研究了棉花萌动期、子叶期、一叶期热激产生的HSP种类和含量：其中经萌动期热激处理的部分材料播种大田，在大田栽培条件下，研究棉株在自然高温期HSP合成表达的差异；初步确定早期热激预处理对高温期棉花蕾铃脱落率及其产量的影响。研究结果表明： 1．室内条件下，热激处理诱导棉花产生了一系列HSPs。不同生长时期(萌动期、子叶期、一叶期)热激，DP产生了17种HSP，分子量为97.4-14.4KD，其中新增加13种，含量增加的有4种；LV、ZH都产生了14种HSP，其中新增加12种，含量增加的有2种。另外，热激处理也提高了棉花可溶性蛋白质含量。三个品种DP、LV、ZH提高的程度分别是：萌动期10.24％、4.27％、9.14％；子叶期13.11％、8.47％、11.22％；一叶期7.98％、16.48％、17.86％。 2．萌动期热激处理后，种植于大田。 (1) 在自然高温期测定发现：处理与对照相比正午高温时，DP、LV增加了7种HSP，ZH增加了5种；早晨常温时棉株处理与对照相比DP、LV、ZH分别增加了2种、4种、3种的HSP；正午高温时与早晨常温时相比，经萌动期处理过DP、LV、ZH品种棉株都产生了7种HSP，而对照的DP和ZH品种也都产5种HSP，LV则产生了6种。可溶性蛋白质总含量，处理与对照相比，早晨常温时提高了5.1％、2.7％、13.2％；正午高温时与早晨常温时相比提高了21.9％、17.8％、11.5％。说明早期给予热激预处理有助于丰富高温期棉株体内HSP和提高可溶性蛋白质的含量，从而增加棉株在高温期对高温的抵御能力。 (2) 棉花蕾铃脱落，处理与对照相比，7月15日无明显差异：8月15日均低于对照，其中ZH达到极显著的水平(Pr＞F=0.001)；9月15日，三个品种均显著低于对照(Pr＞F=0.002)。自然高温期(8月15日)，棉花DP、LV、ZH蕾铃脱落率处理与对照相比较分别降低了0.43个百分点、3.47个百分点、0.29个百分点；最终蕾铃脱落率(9月15日)，处理与对照相比，DP、LV、ZH分别降低了3.89个百分点、7.39个百分点、1.96个百分点。这表明萌动期热激预处理有助于降低棉株高温期间及最终的蕾铃脱落率。 (3) 实收籽棉产量，品种之间差异较大。DP、ZH、LV籽棉产量分别达227.2kg/667m~2、158.5kg/667m~2、162.6kg/667m~2；对照DP、ZH、LV产量分别为211.4kg/667m~2、172.1kg/667m~2、154.2g/667m~2。DP、LV籽棉产量分别比对照提高7.47％、5.45％，而ZH则比对照降低了7.9％。更多还原

【Abstract】 One pet-resistant cotton variety DP and two colored cotton varieties LV and ZH are used in this study. Modern biological techniques and measures are implied to study the HSPs of different types and contents which were induced by heat shock at different growth stage such as germination stage, cotyledon stage and one-leaf stage. Parts of materials which were heat shocked in germination stage were sowed in field. After natural high temperature, the different of HSP synthesis were detected and heat shock in early stage could attach a relation to boll retention and final yields. This study shows the result as the follows.1.Series of HSPs were induced by heat shock indoor. In different growth stages, DP produced 17 kinds of HSPs with molecular weight arranged from 97.4KD to 14.4KD, and 13 HSPs were newly produced and the other 4 HSPs were increased in contents. Both Lv and ZH produced 14 kinds of HSPs, 12 HSPs were new and 2 increased in cotents. In addition, the soluble protein (SP) of DP, LV and ZH in germination stage increased by 10.24%, 4.27% and 9.14% respectively, while that in cotyledon stage are 13.11%, 8.47% and 11.22% respectively, and that in one-leaf stage are7.98%, 16.48% and 17.86% respectively.2. After heat shock, the seeds in germination period were planted in the fields.(1) In the condition of nature high temperature, comparing CK with treatment, DP, LV newly produced 7 kinds of HSPs and ZH produced 5. In the condition of normal temperature at morning, DP produced 2 HSPs and Lv 4, ZH 3 respectively. SP contents increased by 5.1 % 2.7%, 13.2% at normal temperature. All these showed that cotton plants could increased its resistance to high temperature. If they had been heat shocked in early stage which result in HSPs got more and SP contents became increased as well.(2) For boll retention, investigations showed that CK had no significant difference to treatment on July 15. On August 15, all treatment were below to CK and ZH had a very significant difference (Pr>F=0.001). Three kinds of varieties were all below to CK in boll retention on September 15. In natural high temperature stage, that is August 15, comparing to CK, DP, LV and ZH decreased by 0.43% 3.47%, 0.29%. Similar results could be found. On September 15 and final indicated that boll retention could be reduced significantly during high temperature period after heat shocked in germination stage.(3) For the yield of unginned cotton, differences between varieties were significant. DP had the most yield, that was 227.4kg/667m~2 . ZH and LV were less, that wasl58.5kg /667m~2 and 162.6kg/667m~2. Difference between CK and TR is more significant as well. The yield of unginned cotton of DP and LV increased by 7. 47% and 5. 45%, while ZH decreased 27. 4% to CK.3. Had been treated by heat shock in germination stage, 3 HSPs with molecular weight 24.0KD, 73.3KD and 73.3KD were induced. These HSPs expressed in different更多还原