【作者】 张宏荣；

【导师】 向长萍；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 南瓜是十分重要的瓜类蔬菜作物。目前对南瓜农艺性状与育种目标关系的研究鲜见报道。本试验运用灰关联分析、相关分析、回归分析等方法，研究21个南瓜品种（系）的不同农艺性状之间的关系，分析各种性状对目标性状的贡献大小，明确各性状对南瓜育种目标性状影响的主次关系，为加快南瓜育种进程提供依据。试验还利用灰色系统理论的灰关联评估、优势分析、灰预测等方法，评估比较增产潜力大，高产稳产、优质、耐贮藏的品种，为配制杂交组合奠定基础。主要结果如下： 1．各农艺性状与总产量的关联度大小依次为：单株产量（X₃）、瓜外横径(X₁₆)、瓜肉厚(X₁₈)、瓜内腔横径(X₁₇)、单株结瓜数（X₆）、单瓜重（X₂）、老瓜含水量(X₃₈)、嫩瓜含水量(X₃₇)、茎粗(X₁₂)、种子厚度(X₃₅)、含糖量(X₄₀)、第一雌花天数（X₈）、可溶性固形物(X₄₂)、早期产量（X₅）；各农艺性状与早期产量的关联度大小依次为：第一雌花节位（X₇）、第一雌花天数（X₈）、单株结瓜数（X₆）、种子横径(X₃₃)、蛋白质含量(X₃₉)、嫩瓜含水量(X₃₇)、瓜面蜡粉(X₂₇)、老瓜含水量(X₃₈)、茎粗(X₁₂)、种子纵径(X₃₄)、果柄粗(X₁₄)、单株产量（X₃）；各农艺性状与单株产量的关联度大小依次为：瓜肉厚(X₁₈)、瓜外横径(X₁₆)、瓜内腔横径(X₁₇)、单瓜重（X₂）、嫩瓜含水量(X₃₇)、老瓜含水量(X₃₈)、种子厚度(X₃₅)、含糖量(X₄₀)、茎粗(X₁₂)、单株结瓜数（X₆）、第一雌花天数（X₈）、早期产量（X₅）；各农艺性状与单瓜重的关联度大小依次为瓜外横径（X₁6）、瓜内腔横径(X₁₇)、瓜肉厚(X₁₈)、单株产量（X₃）、种子纵径(X₃₄)、含糖量(X₄₀)、节间长(X₁₁)、瓜柄长(X₁₅)、第一雌花天数（X₈）、嫩瓜可溶性固形物(X₄₂)、老瓜含水量(X₃₈)、嫩瓜含水量(X₃₇)、种子千粒重(X₃₆)、嫩瓜Vc(X₄₁)、单株结瓜数（X₆）。 2．产量增产潜力最大的5个品种依次为：63、D-7、D-3、70-2、15-1；早期产量增产潜力最大的5个品种依次为：H-53-1、Y-1-A、29-A、70-2、63；单瓜重增产潜力最大的5个品种依次为：63、15-1、13-C、62-B、Y-1-A；单株产量增产潜力最大的5个品种依次为：70-2、Y-1-A、D-7、63、15-1；与参考品种比较，高产、稳产最佳的5个品种依次为：D-7、18、63、13-C、H-19-1。 3．可溶性糖含量等6个营养品质性状与瓜柄长等15个田间农艺性状的相关系数达极显著水平；各农艺性状与可溶性糖含量的关联度大小依次为：老瓜含水量(X₃₈)、嫩瓜含水量(X₃₇)、种子纵径(X₃₄)、嫩瓜可溶性固形物(X₄₂)、种子横径(X₃₃)、第一雌花天数（X₈）、种子厚度（X₃5）、节间长(X₁₁)、茎粗(X₁₂)、单瓜重（X₂）、瓜外横径(X₁₆)、单株产量（X₃）、瓜内腔横径(X₁₇)、瓜柄长(X₁₅)。 4．感官品质性状、营养品质性状中有9对性状的相关系数达到极显著水平；感官品质优势分析的结果表明，子因素中含糖量(X₄₀)是优势子因素；6个感官性状与感官综合评价关联度大小依次为：熟食口味(X₄₇)、熟食香味(X₄₈)、生食口感(X₄₆)、果肉颜色(X₄₅)、瓜外形(X₄₄)、瓜皮色泽(X₄₃)；感官优势品种灰关联评估最佳的更多还原

【Abstract】 Pumpkin is one of the major vegetable crops in Cucurbit family. The studies of relationship between agronomic traits and breeding objectives are rarely reported. In this study, the relationship among different agronomic traits of 21 pumpkin cultivars and their contribution to breeding objectives were analyzed with the methods of gray relation analysis, correlation analysis, as well as regression analysis, to identify the effect of different traits on the breeding objectives and provide valuable information for expediting the breeding procession of pumpkin. Besides, many cultivars with the characters of high yield potential, stable yield, high quality and long shelf life were screened by the methods of gray theory including gray relation evaluation, advantage analysis, gray prediction and so on, which set good fundament for cross combination. The main results were as following:1. The highest association degree of the agronomic trait and total yield was the yield per plant. Then, the following order was fruit diameter, flesh thickness of fruit, inner diameter of fruit, fruit amount per plant, water content of matured fruit, stem diameter, skin thickness of seed, sugar content, the days for first female flower appearance, soluble solid content, yield of early period in 2004. The association degree order of traits and yield in early period from high to low was the nodes of first female flower appearance, the days for first female appearance, fruit amount per plant, seed length, protein content, water content of young fruit, stem diameter, seed width, fruit stem diameter, yield pre plant respectively. The association degree of the traits and yield per plant from high to low was flesh thickness of fruit, fruit outer diameter, fruit inner diameter, fruit weight, water content of young fruit, water content of matured fruit, seed thickness, sugar content, stem diameter, fruit amount per plant, days for first female appearance, yield in the early period respectively. The association degree of traits and fruit weight from high to low was fruit outer diameter, fruit inner diameter, flesh thickness, yield per plant, seed length, sugar content, length between nodes, fruit stem length, days of first female appearance, soluble solid content, water content of matured fruit, water content of young fruit, weight per thousand seeds, Vc content of young fruit, fruit amount per plant respectively.2. The cultivars with the high yield potential were 63, D-7, D-3, 70-2, 15-1 respectively. The cultivars with the high yield potential in early period were H-53-1, Y-l-A, 29-A, 70-2, 63. The cultivars with the high yield potential per plant were 70-2, Y-l-A, D-7, 63, 15-1. In contrast to the reference, the cultivars with traits of high and stable yield were D-7, 18, 63, 13-C, H-19-1 respectively.3. Six nutrient quality characters had significant correlationship with 15 field更多还原