【作者】 谭友斌；

【导师】 余四斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 稻米外观品质是水稻重要的育种目标之一。准确鉴定和定位水稻粒型数量性状基因位点(QTL)、精细定位克隆相关QTL，对水稻品质育种具有较大的理论意义和实际价值。近年来，我们广泛引进国际优异稻种资源，获得一批以优良籼稻杂交组合汕优63的亲本珍汕97B(ZS97B)为遗传背景的高世代回交群体。本研究选择利用来源于2个供体亲本(KDML105和日本晴)的高世代回交群体为主要材料，进行了粒型QTL的定位分析，主要研究结果如下： 1．利用来源于ZS97／KDML105的高世代回交群体(05LM077)，通过BULK分析策略结合区间作图分析，共检测到控制粒长的2个QTL(qGL3和qGL1)，其中位于第3染色体的qGL3效应是位于第1染色体上的qGL1效应的2.5倍，这2个QTL共同解释的遗传变异为31.3％。控制粒宽的1个QTL，qGW5，贡献率达到33.6％。控制长宽比的2个QTL，其中qGS3的贡献率为16.6％，qGS1的贡献率约为10％，这2个QTL共可解释的表型变异为26.6％。控制粒体积的2个QTL，qGV3的贡献率为8.12％；qGV5的贡献率为16.52％，它们共同解释遗传变异为24.6％。位于第1染色体的RM11694标记位点附近的qGW1是一个新发现的粒长QTL，它与qGL3存在累加效应。 2．利用ZS97／日本晴的高世代回交群体(05LM069)，通过BULK分析策略结合区间作图分析，检测到1个控制粒长的qGL3，效应较大，可解释的遗传变异为17.8％。控制粒宽的qGW1，可解释的遗传变异为19.7％，是一个新发现的QTL。控制长宽比的qGS3，可解释的变异为11.5％。检测到2个控制粒厚的QTL，qGT1的贡献率为9.3％；位于第9染色体上qGT9的贡献率为11.6％，这2个QTL共解释变异为20.8％，这2个QTL可能也是新的粒厚QTL。1个控制粒体积的QTL，qGV3可解释的变异为8.7％。 3．利用来源于ZS97B／KDML105的另一回交群体(06TYC342)通过单因素方差分析，发现位于CHR3的RM7-RM232标记区间控制粒长、粒宽、长宽比的qGL3a、qGW3a、qGS3a可能为同一QTL，表现出一因多效。位于CHR3上RM468标记位点附近的qGL3b、qGT3b、qGV3b同时控制粒长、粒厚、粒体积，可能为相同QTL，表现一因多效。位于CHR1上与RM128标记紧密连锁的qGW1和qGS1分别控制粒宽、长宽比。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grain quality is one of the important breeding traits. It is very important to detect, isolate and clone QTLs conferring grain quanlity and grain shape for the rice breeding. In recent years, we developed a lot of advanced backcross populations in the genetic background of indica variety Zhenshan97B (ZS97B), the parent of hybrid Shanyou63, through backcrossing the varieties widely collected from the international elite rice germplasm as donor with Zhenshan97 as recurrent parent. In this study, three advanced backcross populations derived from two donors, indica variety KDML105 and japonica variety Nipponbare, were used to analyze grain shape QTLs. The main results are as follows:1. An advanced backcross population (05LM077) derived from ZS97B/KDML105 were used to detect grain shape QTLs through bulked segregent analysis and interval mapping. Two QTLs of grain length qGL3 with major effect and qGLl with minor were found with the total genetic variance of 31.3% explained. One QTL, qGW5, detected for grain width with the explained variance of 31.3%. Two QTLs of grain length to width, qGS3 with 16.6% variance explained and qGS1 with about 10.0%. Two grain volume QTLs were revealed with qGV3 accounted for 8.12% variance and qGV5 accounted for 16.5%. The additve effects were found between qGL3 and qGLl, the latter may be a newly detected QTL.2. Other advanced backcross population (05LM069) derived from ZS97B/Nipponbare were also used to discover grain shape QTLs through the same strategies. Only one major grain length QTL, qGL3, could account for the total variation of 17.8% in the population. A novel QTL, qGW1 for grain width, explained the variance of 19.7%. One QTL of grain length to width qGS3 were found with 11.5% variation explained. Two new QTLs of grain thickness, qGT1 and qGT9, explained the variances of 9.3% and 11.6% respectively. qGV3 for grain volume detected with the explained variance of 8.7%.3. The third advanced backcross population (06TYC342) derived from ZS97B/KDLM105 were used to identify grain shape QTLs by ANOVA analysis. The pleiotropic effects of a newly detected QTL that flanked by RM7-RM232 on chromosome 3 were found on grain length, grain width and length/width. Similar effect of a QTL nearby RM468 on chromosome3 was revealed on grain length, thickness and volume. The QTL nearby RM128 on chromosome 1 were detected pleotropic effects on grain width, length /width and grain volume.更多还原