【作者】 江永明；

【导师】 樊启学； 倪朝辉；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 渔业资源， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 天鹅洲、黑瓦屋长江故道湿地是我国重要的湿地之一，具有独特的湿地保护和科学研究意义。但由于故道的牛轭湖化和水文条件的改变，特别是1998年大洪水后，在天鹅洲故道和长江之间修筑了沙滩子大堤，使故道与长江阻隔，造成的最直接影响就是阻断了故道和长江生物信息交流的通路，同时改变了原有的水文特征，以及由此而产生的一系列水体环境的改变，进而引起故道水生生物结构的变化。本研究以天鹅洲、黑瓦屋故道湿地水生态系统为研究对象，对故道水生态系统主要的组成成份进行了一周年的实地调查，获得基本数据。并在水生态调查的基础上，通过整理实地调查所获数据和历史资料，应用奥德姆（H.T.Odum）创立的生态经济系统能值分析理论，定量分析了天鹅洲、黑瓦屋长江故道水生态系统内的物流和能流。 1．水生态调查结果表明：（1）天鹅洲故道初级生产力平均水柱日产量为1.8303gO₂／（m².d），黑瓦屋故道初级生产力平均水柱日产量为2.1373gO₂／（m².d）；从营养类型划分，两个故道都属于中营养型水体；（2）天鹅洲、黑瓦屋长江故道水生植被的水生植物种类，隶属15科22属，共28种。黑瓦屋故道水生植物总量（鲜重）为19.9310万吨，单位面积的平均生物量为19.067 kg／m²，其优势种为竹叶眼子菜、菹草、芦苇等，水生维管束植物的重要值以竹叶眼子菜为最大，茨藻属植物最小。天鹅洲故道水生植物较少，平均生物量为0.732kg／m²；（3）调查所采获的底栖生物种类共有4大类19种，种类组成以软体动物为主。天鹅洲故道全年平均生物量为175.602g／m²，平均栖息密度为393.694个／m²。而黑瓦屋故道全年平均生物量为218.092g／m²，平均栖息密度为555.841个／m²；（4）天鹅洲故道和黑瓦屋故道的底泥泥炭容重为0.70 g／cm³，有机质含量为0.13％，平均淤泥厚度0.60m；（5）天鹅洲、黑瓦屋长江故道的鱼类共计37种，分别隶属于5目12科，区系成分组成分属于三个鱼类区系复合体，其中以中国江河平原鱼类区系复合体种类最多，占全部总数的56.5％。同时本文对天鹅洲、黑瓦屋长江故道的鱼类资源状况作了初步研究，并计算出二个故道鱼类物种多样性指数分别为1.966和2.096；（6）根据监测断面水质测定结果，确定7个指标作为评价因子，建立了评价因素矩阵，计算出影响因子的权重，在此基础上构建了湿地水质模糊综合评价模型。证明两故道湿地的污染物主要是氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tian’e-zhou Wetland and Hei-wa-wu Wetland （the previous Yangtze River riverbeds） are among the most important wetlands in China with special significance in wetland protection and scientific research. Due to the riverbed-lake transformation and changes in hydrology, especially that, after the flood in 1998, a dike has been built up between the wetlands and Yangtze River, the exchange of biological information between wetlands and Yangtze River is blocked, which resulted in changes in hydrobiological structure in the wetlands. Therefore, the investigation of main components of aquatic ecosystem in two Oxbows has spent for a year. We have obtained more information about the aquatic ecosystem. At the same time, the energy and material flux of aquatic ecosystem of Tian’e-zhou and Hei-wa-wu Oxbows were analyzed in this paper by Emergy analysis theory of ecological economy system which was created by H.T.Odum.1. The results of the investigation indicated: （1） The daily production of phytoplankton in Tian’e-zhou Oxbow was 1.8303gO₂/（m².d） and that was 2.1373gO₂/（m².d） in Hei-wa-wu Oxbow; （2） There were 28 species of aquatic vascular plant （AVP） in Tian’e--zhou and Hei-wa-wu Oxbows, belonging to 22 genera and 15 families. Among them, Potamogeton malaianus, Potamogeton crispus and Phraomites communis etc. were dominant species. Among the importance values of main species of AVP communities, the maximum was that of P. malaianu and the minimum was those of Najas. The gross wet weights of AVP are 1.99E+8 kilogram and the average weight per square meter are 19.067kg in Hei-wa-wu Oxbow; The average weight per square meter are 0.732kg in Tian’e-zhou Oxbow; （3）There were 19 species belong 4 families of which mollusks were the majority. The annual average biomass and density were 175.602g/ m² and 393.694 Ind/ m² in Tian’e-zhou Oxbows, and the更多还原