【作者】 邓环；

【导师】 曹凑贵；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 以杂交稻两优培九和红莲优6号为材料，利用田间小区和测坑两种不同范围层次的栽培试验条件，比较了间歇灌溉、半旱栽培、干旱栽培和淹水灌溉方式下的水稻生物学特性与稻田生态环境特性。结果表明： ①各处理在不同生育时期的实际耗水量、耗水强度和模比系数（阶段耗水量占总耗水量的百分比）表现一定的差异。淹水灌溉的实际耗水量平均为538.60mm；间歇灌溉为491.45mm，占淹水灌溉的91.25％；半旱栽培占淹水灌溉的82.04％；干旱栽培的实际耗水量仅占淹水灌溉的70.31％。水稻全生育期内平均耗水强度为淹水＞间歇＞半旱＞干旱，分别为5.04mm·d^-1、4.77mm·d^-1、4.21mm·d^-1和3.54mm·d^-1。 ②与淹水灌溉相比，间歇灌溉条件下叶片光合速率高，叶面积指数大，叶片蒸腾速率较低，提高了水分利用率WUE（WUE=Pn／Tr）；半旱栽培条件下水稻叶片蒸腾速率比净光合速率下降快，水分利用率也相对较高；干旱栽培下叶片净光合速率降低，水分利用率低，且后期叶片早衰。 ③间歇灌溉条件下水稻的水分利用效率（每公顷产量／每公顷耗水量，即单位体积水量对产量的贡献率）和产量最高，半早栽培下水稻的产量比淹水灌溉略低，但其耗水量显著降低，水分利用效率显著高于淹水灌溉；干旱栽培下水稻的水分利用效率和产量均显著降低。不同灌溉方式的水分利用率从大到小依次为：间歇灌溉2.10±0.15Kg·m^-3，半旱栽培1.78±0.04Kg·m^-3，淹水灌溉1.54±0.17Kg·m^-3，干旱栽培1.34±0.04Kg·m^-3；间歇灌溉的水分利用效率比淹水灌溉高35.90％，比干旱栽培高56.72％。 ④不同灌溉方式之间水稻的生育期表现出显著差异。随着田间灌水量的减少，生育期延迟。生育期天数最长的干旱处理与淹水处理的全生育期天数差距长达13.5天。 ⑤间歇灌溉条件下稻粒的整精米率、精米率、粒长高于其他处理，垩白粒率、垩白度低于其他处理：随着稻田耗水量的减少，水稻的直链淀粉含量降低，而胶稠度、碱消值和蛋白质含量提高。 ⑥在整个生育期，不同灌溉方式稻田群体环境都表现出：冠层温度和光照性状与叶面积指数、株高、有效分蘖数呈极显著负相关，冠层相对湿度性状与叶面积指数、株高、有效分蘖数极显著正相关。 ⑦不同灌溉方式稻田环境都表现出：最高温度与最低相对湿度、昼夜温差、昼夜湿差的相关系数接近-1，呈极显著负相关。整个生育期最高温度与最低相对湿度间有回归方程Y=-2.152X+130.15，即温度每上升1℃，相对湿度下降2.152％。 ⑧整个生育期透光率（冠层底部PAR／入射PAR）表现出先变小再增大的趋势，淹更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, biological characteristics of rice and ecological environment characteristics of field in non-weighting lysimeters and plots were investigated under four different irrigation methods of intermittent irrigation （ B ）, semi-dry cultivation （C ）, dry cultivation （ D ） and continuous flooding irrigation （A） for super hybrid rice combinations of Liangyoupeijiu and Honglianyou no. 6. The results were showed as follows:①Water consumption and average consumption intensity in paddy rice under four irrigation methods were A > B > C > D, while water consumption, ratio（percentage of water consumption in one certain growth stage to that in the whole growth stage） and intensity in different stages of rice under different treatments showed a few differences. Average water consumption under flooding irrigation and intermittent irrigation reached 538.60 mm and 491.45 mm, respectively. Water use consumption under B, C, and D was 91.25%, 82.04% and 70.31% of that under A, respectively. Average water consumption intensity during the whole growth stage of rice was A > B > C > D, and the value was 5.04 mm·d^-1, 4.77 mm·d^-1,4.21 mm·d^-1 and 3.54 mm·d^-1, respectively.②Compared with under continuous flooding irrigation, photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, and water use efficiency（WUE=Pn/Tr, Pn is photosynthetic rate; Tr is leaf transpiration rate ）, of rice leaves were increased while leaf transpiration rate was decreased under intermittent irrigation; water use efficiency of rice leaves under semi-dry cultivation became higher because leaf transpiration rate decreased more obvious than that of photosynthetic rate; photosynthetic rate , transpiration rate, leaf area index, and water use efficiency of rice leaves decreased under dry cultivation while leaves were senile in premature period.③Water use productiveness（percentage of yield per hectare to water consumption per hectare） and yield of rice under intermittent irrigation reached the highest and the yield traits was the best among under the four treatments; water use productiveness of rice was higher under semi - dry cultivation than under continuous flooding irrigation because water consumption decreased evidently although its yield dropped slightly; Water use productiveness and yield of rice under dry cultivation also decreased evidently. Water use productiveness under different irrigation methods was B > C> A>D. The value was 2.10±0.15Kg·m^-3, 1.78±0.04Kg·m^-3, 1.54±0.17Kg·m^-3 and 1.34±0.04Kg·m^-3, respectively. From the data above, it was clear that water use productiveness under B was 35.90% greater than that under A and 56.72% greater than that under D.④A high significant difference of the growth stage length of rice was found under更多还原