【作者】 曹林；

【导师】 郭聪；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 许多动物，如鸟类和鼠类捕食和扩散植物果实和种子，从而影响这些植物的自然更新过程，但不同动物在这一过程中发挥着不同的作用，并且通过相互作用最终影响植物种群的更新过程。于2005年4月至6月，本研究以都江堰亚热带森林系统内食果(或食种子)动物与鲜果植物(樱桃)为研究对象，初步研究了樱桃种子雨和种子库动态，以及鸟类和鼠类等对樱桃果实／种子捕食和扩散的影响，同时比较研究了鼠类的选择作用对野生樱桃种子特征的潜在影响。主要研究结果和结论如下： 1) 樱桃不同个体的种子雨和产量存在较大差异，樱桃种子雨组成成分较复杂，且不同个体亦存在较大差异；鼠类的捕食和搬运是影响种子库内种子命运的主要因素。 2) 在研究地内，取食樱桃果实的鸟类达10余种，其中领鹊嘴鹎、黑鹎、红嘴蓝鹊和紫啸鸫等吞食樱桃果实，为樱桃种子的重要扩散者，而暗绿绣眼鸟等主要啄食果肉，对樱桃种子的扩散作用不大。在取食果实后，领鹊嘴鹎和黑鹎等通常能飞到远离樱桃树的地点，可能有助于樱桃种群较大范围的分布。 3) 通过在原生林、次生林和灌丛3类生境释放野生和栽培樱桃的种子，研究了啮齿动物对樱桃种子的捕食及其对两种种子的选择作用。结果表明：啮齿动物对樱桃两类种子的搬运无显著差异，而啮齿动物对野生樱桃种子的收获则明显快于栽培樱桃种子，且在3个生境均有类似的趋势。这说明啮齿动物偏爱于收获具有较高收益(种仁重／种子重)的野生樱桃种子。啮齿动物在小于10天的时间尺度收获了所有释放的樱桃种子，其中，70％以上为啮齿动物所搬运。春季食物的极度匮乏可能是导致啮齿动物对樱桃种子有较大捕食压力的主要原更多还原

【Abstract】 Many animals such as frugivorous/granivious birds and rodents play very important roles in natural regeneration of many fruiting plants by predating and dispersing their fruits and seeds, but different animals have different potentials for this process. From April to May of 2005 in a subtropical ever-green broadleaved forest in the Dujiangyan Region of Sichuan Province, Southwest China, we preliminarily studied the dynamics of seed rain and seed bank of wild cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus), and fruit/seed predation and dispersal by frugivorous birds and granivorous rodents. Meanwhile, we also studied how seed selection by rodents affects seed traits of wild cherry by comparing with domestic cherry. Main results and conclusions are listed below:1.The dynamics of seed rain and seed bank of cherry were investigated. The results show that seed rain varied greatly among individual trees; the components and their seed rain were also different among individuals; Seed predation and removal by rodents was the main factor to affect seed fate in seed bank since these rodents harvested nearly all the cherry seeds rapidly.2.Fruit predation and dispersal by frugivorous birds were preliminarily investigated. The results showed that there were over 10 bird species feeding on cherry fruits, including 5 dominant species,更多还原